People and Events of World War II :: essays research papers

People and Events of World War II The Axis Powers World War II was started by the Axis Forces, which were comprised of Germany, Italy, and Japan. They fought against the combined might of almost the entire world, and, but for a supreme combined effort on the part of America, the USSR, and Britain, almost won. During the war, the Axis Powers were totalitarian states, controlled by their respective leader or leaders. These are their stories.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During World War II, there were three men who were controlling the Japanese government, none of which liked each other. The first, Emperor Hirohito, born in 1901, was ruler from 1926 to 1989, the last divine imperial leader of Japan. During the first nineteen years of his reign he gave over power of the government to a militant party. The result of this was the war with China from 1937 to 1945 and adherence to the Axis Powers. At the end of the war Hirohito wanted peace and, in 1945, he unconditionally surrendered to the Allies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second, Isoroku Yamamoto, born in 1884, was the reluctant Commander- in-Chief of Japan's naval forces during WW II. He had a clear grasp of the situation and predicted that against a country like the U.S. or Britain, Japan would quickly lose the war. He died in 1943, shot down by the U.S. 13th Air Force in a surgical assassination strike.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The last, Tojo Hideki, was born in 1884, and was the most violent of the three. He was the leader of the militaristic party that controlled the government from 1926 to 1945, and the one who commanded the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1937. He controlled all government and military campaigns until 1944, when, as a result of bad military defeats, he resigned as Prime Minister. Tojo was later arrested, tried, and convicted by an international military court for conventional war crimes, crimes against peace, and crimes against humanity. He was later executed in 1948.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These three men had control over the Japanese government, and allied themselves to Germany and Italy, thus forming the Axis forces. So, as the Pacific was being dominated by the Japanese, Europe and North Africa were being equally terrorized by Germany and Italy, who were under the iron fists of Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini, respectively.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Adolf Hitler was born in 1889, the son of a very low-ranking official, and a peasant. He wasn't very well educated, never completed high school, and was also rejected from institutes of higher learning because of his lack of talent. Although he was a poor student, he read non-stop, and it was from books

Printing and Key Plate

Mystery of ‘K’ in CMYK The K in CMYK stands for â€Å"Key†, but the answer is much more interesting than that. The â€Å"key plate† is said to add the â€Å"detail† to a printed image. This is true in that the black plate in a four color process print pushes the contrast and creates â€Å"detail†. Many people suggest that the theory of using K instead of B because it may be easily confused with â€Å"Blue† is a myth. While it is highly speculative what the reasoning is, there are context clues as to why it may actually be true.Mark Gatter, in the book he published titled â€Å"Getting it right in print†, states the â€Å"key plate† is used align the other plates, but does not mention why it is called â€Å"key†. While the term today may have adopted the meaning for the process of aligning plates, the term â€Å"key† does not originate from this process. The color â€Å"registration† is more closely rel ated to the process of aligning plates. The term â€Å"key† originates from the rotary printing press in 1843 that had screw keys to control the amount of ink printing on a substrate.Offset presses also use this mechanism. Most other countries who speak languages other than English typically used â€Å"CMYK† to mean four color process; even if the individual colors don’t begin with the same letters. However, in French speaking countries, the accronym is â€Å"CMJN† is used meaning â€Å"Cyan, Magenta, Jaune, Noir†. â€Å"Jaune† and â€Å"Noir† translate to â€Å"Yellow† and â€Å"Black† respectively. This shows that in certain countries, the model directly translates to â€Å"black† and not â€Å"key† or any other term referring to alignment, detail, or contrast.While Johannes Gutenburg invented the printing press in Germany around 1454 which revolutionized moveable type, it was Jacob Christoph Le Blon who invented three-color and four-color process printing around 1725. What is interesting is that his original color models were RYB and RYBK. The argument here is that the color blue (represented by â€Å"B†) is used in the same process as black, so the initial may have been changed to avoid confusion.His three-color process would have used the same aligning technique as his four-color process, so if â€Å"key† was meant to mean â€Å"key plate†, it would theoretically have been the blue plate in his three-color model. While it may never be known the exact origin of the use of â€Å"key†, it can be discerned that the myth could perhaps be true and that the origin of the term could have been to simply avoid confusion with the color blue. It appears the context clues may outweigh the notion that K is used to denote â€Å"detail† or â€Å"contrast†. Source: http://gearsidecreative. com/why-is-the-color-black-represented-with-a-k-in-cmyk/

World War I Trenches - 824 Words

World War 1: Trenches Intro: The life for the average soldier in the WW1 trenches was pretty horrible. They had to live in mud, fellow dead soldiers and lots of rats, some the size of your hand. Life of a soldier was very tough, having to see your best mate get shot and he left to rot. Any soldiers that made it out of the war would have suffered either shell shock or post-traumatic stress disorder and living with either of these would have been terrible. Trenches were long, narrow ditches dug into the ground where soldiers lived day and night. There were many lines of German trenches on one side and many lines of the trenches on the allied side. In the middle there was no-man’s land, so called because it didn’t belong to either army. Soldiers crossed no- man’s land when they wanted to attack. Soldiers in the trenches did not get much sleep, but when they did it was in the afternoon during daylight and at night for only 1 hour at a time. They were woken up at different times, either to complete one of the daily chores or the go to fight. The system of trenches was employed because a German commander, General Erich von Falkenhayn, decided that his troops must at all costs hold onto those parts of France and Belgium that Germany still occupied. Falkenhayn ordered his men to dig trenches that would provide them with protection from the advancing French and British troops. The Allies soon realised that they could not break through this line and they also began to dig trenches.Show MoreRelatedThe Trenches Of World War I1355 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: World War 1 changed the world around it. More men fought than one could comprehend. World War 1 almost destroyed an entire generation of men. The battlefield for Australians were lined with trenches filled with disease, pests and the fallen where they had medical aid. They experienced traumas not yet known commonly at all. The war was not embellished for its inhumanity in its time but as we see now the men and women who helped with the war effort lived with fear of death, disease andRead MoreTrenches Of Death During World War I904 Words   |  4 PagesTrenches of death Countries developed new tactics and weapons to gain victory over their enemies, the Trench war is a type of land battle, in which opposing forces attack- counterattack and defend from permanent systems of trenches, troops are protected from the enemy`s arms fire and are sheltered from artillery inside the trenches dug into the ground. A trench model may begin as a collection of foxholes rapidly dug by the troops using Their entrenching tools, these holes may after be deepenedRead MoreWorld War I Was A War1743 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War I was a war fought between the Allies and the Central Powers in 1914 through 1918. This was the first international war in the twentieth century and possibly the most deadliest war since. Every country was bringing out their finest advanced weaponry and their most strategic methods to succeed. All of the new advanced weaponry and strategies had a huge impact on the way the war was fought. The soldiers entered the war with horses and simple rifles, but left the war with tanks, flamethrowersRead MoreThe Battle Of The Trench Warfare1690 Words   |  7 Pagesdefensive trenches around the soldier’s positions as a means of protection and surprise (The Islam Project). The strategy earned the Muslims a decisive victory and has been implemented countless times throughout major wars in history ever since. One such war began in 1914, after the Archduke Francis Ferdinand of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, was assassinated on June 28th by Bosnian Serb Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo. The Great War, as it was known, thrust the world’s superpowers into war as alliancesRead MoreThe World War I829 Words   |  4 PagesLutwin de Macar Mr. LeClainche World History 6B April 17, 2015 I affirm the code The Unwanted Trenches It is estimated that between 8.5 and 12 million people died while fighting in the trenches. The estimation, in fact, is difficult to prove after the collapse of several countries’ government such as Russia, Austria Hungary, or Germany. The lives in the trenches were absolutely horrific. Soldiers were not aware of the life threatening conditions of the trenches when deciding to fight for their countryRead MoreTechnology Changed The Dynamics Of War During World War I1587 Words   |  7 PagesAdvances in technology changed the dynamics of war during World War I. WWI was the first extensive war in which all nations felt the effects of war whether through a social, political, or economic impact. through One of the major impacts of trench warfare was that it made it difficult for the Allied and Central Powers to secure a victory. New technology such as the machine gun brought massive death and casualties. Armies in all nations started to need a larger population of soldiers to figh t becauseRead MoreThe Warfare Mentality Went From A War Of Mobility, To A1431 Words   |  6 PagesThe warfare mentality went from a war of mobility, to a war of attrition and that was due to the establishment of trench warfare throughout the battlefield. Trench warfare was no doubt a horrifying and awful type of warfare that caused countless non-battle deaths, yet it was necessary at the time. Without trench warfare, the war would have been a short but extremely bloody war because there was no way to combat the ferocity of the new weapons used in the war and there was no way to advance on theRead MoreOn July 28, 1914 World War I Commenced, Putting The Allies1525 Words   |  7 Pages On July 28, 1914 World War I commenced, putting the Allies against the Central powers. Altogether there was thirty-two countries involved in the war. Countries such as Britain, France, Russia, and the United States were pinned against countries such as Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. Although there was a multitude of reasons that World War I erupted, the historic ‘beginning’ of this war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Despite this, The United States of AmericaRead MoreTrench Warfare: Hell on Earth Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great War, fueled by the excessive pride of each country, devastated the world. Each side felt superior to the other and would not stop until it emerged as the victor. These countries altered the style of fighting from a primitive face-to-face combat to systematic style of battle through trenches. To adapt to this style, countries developed new weapons and tactics to prevail over their enemies. But, the wa r simply remained a draw. Trench warfare prolonged World War I by a causing a bloody stalemateRead MoreLife During The Trenches On Wwi Essay1362 Words   |  6 Pagesin the Trenches on WWI World War I, also known as the Great War start on 1914, it was the first time largely using modern model firearm in the war. WWI have result a totally different war style under the new firearms, because the machine gun could take hundreds of people in really couple minutes, and the artillery have let each side could boom enemy in long range. The old way standing against each other’s block and shot each other doesn’t work in WWI anymore, so people invented Trenches, it basically

Development of a Lab-on-a-Chip Device to Detect DNA Double...

Proposal Summary We propose to develop a lab-on-a-chip device for the detection of DNA double strand breaks in situ. Current technology requires laborious manipulation of the cell sample by fixation and staining with antibody and an optical-based detection. All in all, the process may take up to several days before results are retrieved. The development of an on-site, immediate monitoring system will greatly benefit our understanding of DNA damage causes and prevention as well assessment of radiation risk by tracking such events instantaneously. Our proposed device is based on individually addressable carbon-nanotube (CNT)- array capable of multiplexing for detection of multiple analytes and targets from a biological sample. The impact of this device in our information-based world is manifold. Not only will the device make it accessible for the user to track, assess and follow trends of their own DNA damage levels but also empowers the user in making more informed lifestyle choices. Introduction With rising urbanization, the DNA in our cells is increasingly being exposed to DNA damaging agents such as UV light, mutagenic chemicals, reactive oxygen species generated by Ionizing Radiation (IR) or redox cycling by heavy metal ions and radio-mimetic drugs etc. DNA Double-strand breaks (DSBs) occur when reactive oxygen species react with DNA bases causing lesions in the chromosomes and the formation of foci known as Radiation-induced foci (RFI). RFI are marked by the

Learning And Development Processes Of A Child - 2019 Words

The learning and development processes of a child have been debated for years, with no one theory sticking out as the best explanation as to how and why we learn. Looking at the behaviourist and humanist views of learning and development and the key theorists within them, you can see just how different they can be with their explanations of this. The key behaviourist views on learning are that learning is shaped by different incentives presented to the child. External stimulus shapes learning, as it prompts a response and increases the likelihood of the learner repeating the behaviour. Behaviourists believe development happens as a process of learning and that it has nothing to do with pre-determined stages relating to a child’s age and or mental ability. The behaviourist view works on a mix of operant and classical conditioning, operant conditioning is a process of learning where behaviour is controlled by consequences such as positive and negative reinforcements and positive and negative punishments. Classical conditioning is when ‘the learner simply responds to external stimuli in a deterministic manner’ (Jordan, Carlile, and Stack, 2008). Pavlov, a behaviourist, looked deeply into the idea of classical conditioning and involuntary responses to stimuli. Pavlov looked at the responses of dogs and found that when the dog was presented with food the dog would salivate, which would be an unconditional response. But, when combined with the ringing of a bell as the food wasShow MoreRelatedA Study on Cognitive Psychology650 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Cognitive psychology studies the mental processes that permit humans to perceive, remember, learn, and think. Cognitive psychology is subsumed under the broad field of cognitive science, which includes disciplines such as linguistics, philosophy, and neuroscience. (Allport, 1985). Cognitive psychologists study human memory, attention, perception, intelligence, problem-solving, decision-making, judgment, and language acquisition (Cherry, 2011). Among these several topics, the emphasisRead MoreThe Cognitive Development Of The Student1172 Words   |  5 Pagesthink about the cognitive development of the student. Two noted theorists, Piaget and Vygotsky, though they differ in their approach to cognitive development they commonly agreed that learning and development go hand in hand. Both theorists have great views, but I can relate more to Piaget. According to Georgia Department of Early Care and Learning, â€Å"Cognitive development refers to how a person perceives, thinks and gain un derstanding of his or her world.† Cognitive development has 5 major areas whichRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1325 Words   |  6 Pagessystematic study of cognitive development. He conducted a theory that all children are born with a basic mental structure. He felt that their mental structure is genetically inherited and their learning evolved from subsequent learning and knowledge. Piaget’s theory is different from other theories and he was the first to study a child’s learning by using a systematic study of cognitive development. His theory was only concerning the learning of children, their development and not how they learn. HeRead MoreSocial and Moral Development Essay1092 Words   |  5 Pagesintellectual, social and moral development of infants at birth and as they grow into adults are through the developmental theories. Some of the developmental theories are sexual development, social development and moral development. Both Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg view similarities as well as differences between the theories they each believe in regards to the development of a child social and moral development. Jean Piaget put forth the theory of cognitive development wherein he establishedRead MoreMoral Development And The Social Learning Theory Essay1466 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will examine moral development and the theories of cognitive development and the Social Learning theory. It will also cover key theorists and their perspectives moving on to different kinds of development followed by an evaluation of the chosen theories and the studies that surround their validity. The final segment will be of the nature nurture aspect. Moral development is essentially the ability to distinguish right from wrong actions and good from bad behaviour. Albert Bandura believedRead MoreEssay on Educational Psychology1169 Words   |  5 Pagespsychology listed above. Behaviorism is the point of view where learning and behavior are described and explained in terms of stimulus-response relationships. Behaviorists agree that an individual’s behaviors is a result of their interaction with the environment. Feedback, praise and rewards are all ways people can respond to becoming conditioned. The focus is on observable events instead of events that happen in one’s head. The belief that learning has not happened unless there is an observable change inRead MoreJean Piaget: Biography and Theory of Cognitive Development1601 Words   |  6 PagesPiagets Theory of Cognitive Development: Jean Piagets theory of cognitive development is a description of the four distinct stages of development of cognition in children. The theory was developed at a time when Piaget was employed at the Binet Institute in the 1920s in which his main responsibilities were to develop the French versions of questions on the English intelligence tests. During this period, Piaget became increasingly concerned or interested with the reasons children gave for theirRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Experiential Learning1481 Words   |  6 PagesVygotsky, Jean Piaget, and Howard Gardner will be evaluated through the lens of experiential learning. Through Vygotsky’s realization of the childhood learning through â€Å"hands-on† experience (experiential learning), the cultural and socioeconomic factors defines the progress a child makes in the individual progression towards growth in the educational system. Piaget beheld similar views on experiential learning in the context of the family un it as an extension of social and educational progress throughRead MoreBehaviorism And Social Learning Theory1531 Words   |  7 Pages Behaviorism and social learning theory are examples of two mechanistic theories that focus on explaining children’s behavior. Social learning theory emphasizes observational learning and imitation. On the other hand, behaviorism is rooted in focusing on how the environment impacts development. The environment shapes the child’s development as the child strives to adapt to the environment. Both theories deal with explaining behavior and consist of similarities, but are composed of different elementsRead MoreLearning Disabilities in Children1603 Words   |  7 PagesLearning Disabilities 1 Children and Learning Disabilities Child/Adolescent Development PSY3520 South University Online Scott Walker Learning Disabilities 2 Children that are dealing with learning disabilities have a difficult road ahead of them. If the disability is neglected or overlooked for too long, the probability of the child falling behind in school as well as social aspects in their life is very high. However

The Boarding House Free Essays

The Boarding House is included in Dubliners, a collection of fifteen short stories by the Irish poet and novelist James Joyce, which was first published in 1914. This story of a boarding house, like the other stories in Dubliners, describes the lives of ordinary citizens of Dublin and illustrates their various qualities. There are three main characters – Mrs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Boarding House or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mooney, her daughter Polly and Mr. Doran. At the very beginning the author describes Mrs. Mooney, who relinquished a family traditional business – the butchery, and set up a boarding house in Hardwicke Street. There is no reference to many of her outward appearances, the author probably thinks it is not important and he leaves the picture of Mrs. Mooney to the reader’s imagination. However, he is very accurate in the description of her life and personality. He treats her as a courageous, strong, self-confident and imposing woman who dismissed her aggressive and worthless husband (she got a separation from him with care of the children). All the resident young men spoke of her as The Madam. In the present emancipated world, where women are practically independent, equal to men, having their own businesses, it would be nothing unusual for a woman like that. However, the character of Mrs. Mooney was likely quite anomalous at the beginning of the twentieth century, when the story was published. It was men who greatly dominated, earned money, led businesses, while women took care of household and brought up children. Besides, divorces used to be followed just exceptionally. Despite of this, Mrs. Mooney is not faultless. She can be cunning and intriguing and she has much trouble with her two incorrigible offsprings, who are described in detail in the following paragraphs. Jack Mooney, the Madam’s son, who was clerk to a commission agent in Fleet Street, had the reputation of being a hard case. He was fond of using soldiers’ obscenities; usually he came home in the small hours. Mrs. Mooney’s other child is her daughter, Polly. Polly was a slim girl of nineteen; she had light soft hair and a small full mouth. Her eyes, which were grey with a shade of green through them, had a habit of glancing upwards when she spoke with anyone, which made her look ike a little perverse madonna. Mrs. Mooney had first sent her daughter to be a typist in a corn-factor’s office but, as a disreputable sheriff’s man used to come every other day to the office, asking to be allowed to say a word to his daughter, she had taken her daughter home again and set her to do housework. It is apparent that Mrs. Mooney kept her daughter from meeting men. Unfortunately, she was not very successful, because Polly flirted with young men lodged in the boarding house. In her mother’s opinion these romances were just waste of time, none of them meant business or benefits. Still one day she found that something was going on between Polly and one of the young men. She started spying on them quietly, pretending not to know anything. People in the house learnt of the affair too, so it could be a scandal. However, Mrs. Mooney still did not intervene. The story progressed on a bright Sunday morning in early summer. First of all, Mrs. Mooney interviewed Polly. Things were as she had suspected: she had been frank in her questions and Polly had been frank in her answers. Mrs. Mooney did not ask any more pointless questions. She had a great plan, according to religious rules: for every sin there must be made reparation. For her only one reparation could make up for the loss of her daughter’s honour: marriage. If he married her daughter, Polly’s future would be secured. She had a plenty of cogent arguments and she was sure that she would succeed that day. She knew quite a lot about Mr. Doran and his job: he had been working for thirteen years in a great Catholic wine-merchant’s office and publicity of that affair would bring him the loss of his job. Then Polly visited Mr. Doran in his room, crying desperately. They retrospected the past, how they first met, how Polly cared for him, heated him food, how they used to spend the nights together. But Mr. Doran disregarded his relation to Polly. She was just a kind of entertainment for him. He disliked her thoughtless behaviour, her origin and the way of her speech. He was afraid what his family and his friends would think of her. The hysterical and intriguing Polly started to cry even more and threatened with committing suicide in case Mr. Doran left her. She was interrupted by a servant, Mary. She said that Mrs. Mooney would like to talk to Mr. Doran downstairs. He put on suitable clothes, let Mary cry on the bed and went to the Madam. On his way he met Jack Mooney and recollected the day when the violent Jack bawled at one London artiste threatening any fellow who would try that sort of a game on with his sister to put his teeth bloody well down his throat. Then we do not know what happened, there is no reference to Mrs. Mooney and Mr. Doran conversation. The following paragraphs describe just Polly’s cry. And the last paragraphs of the story are quite clear: At last she heard her mother calling. She started to her feet and ran to the banisters. Polly! Polly! † â€Å"Yes, mamma? † â€Å"Come down, dear. Mr. Doran wants to speak to you. † Obviously, the scene must have continued, but nothing else is added, so the story is open-ended. The reader is probably supposed to believe that Mrs. Mooney’s succeeded and forced Mr. Doran to marry Polly. Of course, there would be more options with a little imagination. Mr. Doran might have refused her suggestion, made a scene and left the boarding house. Even though, considering the conservative times and the country, Mrs. Mooney ultimately succeeded and Mr. Doran put up with marrying her daughter. How to cite The Boarding House, Papers

The Loyalty of Wives in The Canterbury Tales Essay Example For Students

The Loyalty of Wives in The Canterbury Tales Essay The Canterbury Tales is the epitome of ideals of medieval Europe. The lives of most medieval women were the role of the wife such as the lives of the women in The Canterbury Tales. These women create a new definition of loyalty and partnership. The three women, The Wife of Bath, Dorigen, and Pertelote, all have different forms of expressing loyalty, but still hold the strong principles of marriage and honor to their husband. The Wife of Bath is one of the three female story tellers. She travels around the world and allows her experiences to freely flow. She has a refined characteristic shown by the way she dresses. The Wife enjoys conversation and uses both commonsense and intellectual truth. She has been married five times and through her experiences with her husbands, has learned how to provide for herself in a world where women had little independence or power. In her prologue her experiences give her the chance to speak on marital troubles: Experience, though no authority were in this world, were good enough for me, to speak of woe that is in marriage (line 1-4). She cannot understand Christs rejection of the woman for having been married five times as quoted, But someone told me not so long ago, that since out Lord, save once, would never go, to wedding (that at Gana in Galilee), thus, by this same example, showed He me I never should have married more than once (lines 9-13). She believes the decision of virginity has been left to the individuals own judgment. The Wife agrees that virginity is great, but it is meant for those who want to lead perfect lives and she accepts that she is not perfect. She also argues that God created the sex organs for both function and pleasure. The Wife will never be difficult or refuse to have sex when her husband wants to because this is how she gains full power over her husbands. She manipulates husbands by withholding sensual pleasure, which she believes is the reason that men give her what she wants. This Prologue is more important than her tale because it is a defense of her multiple marriages and a justification of her maistrye. This makes the Wife a misrepresentation of the conventional medieval wife. She reinforces stereotypes for the refusal of showing that women should to be submissive and contrary to that, the Wife accepts that men are more reasonable than women. She concludes with the reason why men accept womens power only to avoid nagging and arguing in the household. She remains loyal to her mate because he is under her control. The Franklins Tale is a short romance in which the main female character, lady Dorigen, is married to a knight, Averagus. Unlike most medieval couples, they are genuinely in love. Averagus decides to go to Britain to get training in arms which causes Dorigen great grief: For all his absence wept she and she sighed, as noble wives do at lone foreside. She mourned, watched, wailed, she fasted and complained (Franklins Tale page 2 of 9). A squire, Aurelius, confesses his love with Dorigen only to meet her refusal. Dorigen tells the squire that she would consent to his love if he could remove all the rocks from the coast of Brittany to make her husbands voyage back home safe. In search of her love, Aurelius desperately gets a magician to make the rocks disappear. Meanwhile Arveragus returns home safely and they are happily reunited. Aurelius goes to meet Dorigen to demand that she fulfills her end of the bargain. Dorigen, who has been certain that the promise would never be met is horrified, shows her loyalty towards her husband by telling him about the dilemma. Arveragus tells her that she must honor her promise and sends Dorigen to Aurelius. Aurelius is extremely moved by Arveraguss nobility and Dorigens unconditional love and loyalty to her husband. With reason lady Dorigen refuses to be unfaithful to her husband and he releases her from her obligation.