Development of a Lab-on-a-Chip Device to Detect DNA Double...

Proposal Summary We propose to develop a lab-on-a-chip device for the detection of DNA double strand breaks in situ. Current technology requires laborious manipulation of the cell sample by fixation and staining with antibody and an optical-based detection. All in all, the process may take up to several days before results are retrieved. The development of an on-site, immediate monitoring system will greatly benefit our understanding of DNA damage causes and prevention as well assessment of radiation risk by tracking such events instantaneously. Our proposed device is based on individually addressable carbon-nanotube (CNT)- array capable of multiplexing for detection of multiple analytes and targets from a biological sample. The impact of this device in our information-based world is manifold. Not only will the device make it accessible for the user to track, assess and follow trends of their own DNA damage levels but also empowers the user in making more informed lifestyle choices. Introduction With rising urbanization, the DNA in our cells is increasingly being exposed to DNA damaging agents such as UV light, mutagenic chemicals, reactive oxygen species generated by Ionizing Radiation (IR) or redox cycling by heavy metal ions and radio-mimetic drugs etc. DNA Double-strand breaks (DSBs) occur when reactive oxygen species react with DNA bases causing lesions in the chromosomes and the formation of foci known as Radiation-induced foci (RFI). RFI are marked by the

Learning And Development Processes Of A Child - 2019 Words

The learning and development processes of a child have been debated for years, with no one theory sticking out as the best explanation as to how and why we learn. Looking at the behaviourist and humanist views of learning and development and the key theorists within them, you can see just how different they can be with their explanations of this. The key behaviourist views on learning are that learning is shaped by different incentives presented to the child. External stimulus shapes learning, as it prompts a response and increases the likelihood of the learner repeating the behaviour. Behaviourists believe development happens as a process of learning and that it has nothing to do with pre-determined stages relating to a child’s age and or mental ability. The behaviourist view works on a mix of operant and classical conditioning, operant conditioning is a process of learning where behaviour is controlled by consequences such as positive and negative reinforcements and positive and negative punishments. Classical conditioning is when ‘the learner simply responds to external stimuli in a deterministic manner’ (Jordan, Carlile, and Stack, 2008). Pavlov, a behaviourist, looked deeply into the idea of classical conditioning and involuntary responses to stimuli. Pavlov looked at the responses of dogs and found that when the dog was presented with food the dog would salivate, which would be an unconditional response. But, when combined with the ringing of a bell as the food wasShow MoreRelatedA Study on Cognitive Psychology650 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Cognitive psychology studies the mental processes that permit humans to perceive, remember, learn, and think. Cognitive psychology is subsumed under the broad field of cognitive science, which includes disciplines such as linguistics, philosophy, and neuroscience. (Allport, 1985). Cognitive psychologists study human memory, attention, perception, intelligence, problem-solving, decision-making, judgment, and language acquisition (Cherry, 2011). Among these several topics, the emphasisRead MoreThe Cognitive Development Of The Student1172 Words   |  5 Pagesthink about the cognitive development of the student. Two noted theorists, Piaget and Vygotsky, though they differ in their approach to cognitive development they commonly agreed that learning and development go hand in hand. Both theorists have great views, but I can relate more to Piaget. According to Georgia Department of Early Care and Learning, â€Å"Cognitive development refers to how a person perceives, thinks and gain un derstanding of his or her world.† Cognitive development has 5 major areas whichRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1325 Words   |  6 Pagessystematic study of cognitive development. He conducted a theory that all children are born with a basic mental structure. He felt that their mental structure is genetically inherited and their learning evolved from subsequent learning and knowledge. Piaget’s theory is different from other theories and he was the first to study a child’s learning by using a systematic study of cognitive development. His theory was only concerning the learning of children, their development and not how they learn. HeRead MoreSocial and Moral Development Essay1092 Words   |  5 Pagesintellectual, social and moral development of infants at birth and as they grow into adults are through the developmental theories. Some of the developmental theories are sexual development, social development and moral development. Both Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg view similarities as well as differences between the theories they each believe in regards to the development of a child social and moral development. Jean Piaget put forth the theory of cognitive development wherein he establishedRead MoreMoral Development And The Social Learning Theory Essay1466 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will examine moral development and the theories of cognitive development and the Social Learning theory. It will also cover key theorists and their perspectives moving on to different kinds of development followed by an evaluation of the chosen theories and the studies that surround their validity. The final segment will be of the nature nurture aspect. Moral development is essentially the ability to distinguish right from wrong actions and good from bad behaviour. Albert Bandura believedRead MoreEssay on Educational Psychology1169 Words   |  5 Pagespsychology listed above. Behaviorism is the point of view where learning and behavior are described and explained in terms of stimulus-response relationships. Behaviorists agree that an individual’s behaviors is a result of their interaction with the environment. Feedback, praise and rewards are all ways people can respond to becoming conditioned. The focus is on observable events instead of events that happen in one’s head. The belief that learning has not happened unless there is an observable change inRead MoreJean Piaget: Biography and Theory of Cognitive Development1601 Words   |  6 PagesPiagets Theory of Cognitive Development: Jean Piagets theory of cognitive development is a description of the four distinct stages of development of cognition in children. The theory was developed at a time when Piaget was employed at the Binet Institute in the 1920s in which his main responsibilities were to develop the French versions of questions on the English intelligence tests. During this period, Piaget became increasingly concerned or interested with the reasons children gave for theirRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Experiential Learning1481 Words   |  6 PagesVygotsky, Jean Piaget, and Howard Gardner will be evaluated through the lens of experiential learning. Through Vygotsky’s realization of the childhood learning through â€Å"hands-on† experience (experiential learning), the cultural and socioeconomic factors defines the progress a child makes in the individual progression towards growth in the educational system. Piaget beheld similar views on experiential learning in the context of the family un it as an extension of social and educational progress throughRead MoreBehaviorism And Social Learning Theory1531 Words   |  7 Pages Behaviorism and social learning theory are examples of two mechanistic theories that focus on explaining children’s behavior. Social learning theory emphasizes observational learning and imitation. On the other hand, behaviorism is rooted in focusing on how the environment impacts development. The environment shapes the child’s development as the child strives to adapt to the environment. Both theories deal with explaining behavior and consist of similarities, but are composed of different elementsRead MoreLearning Disabilities in Children1603 Words   |  7 PagesLearning Disabilities 1 Children and Learning Disabilities Child/Adolescent Development PSY3520 South University Online Scott Walker Learning Disabilities 2 Children that are dealing with learning disabilities have a difficult road ahead of them. If the disability is neglected or overlooked for too long, the probability of the child falling behind in school as well as social aspects in their life is very high. However

The Boarding House Free Essays

The Boarding House is included in Dubliners, a collection of fifteen short stories by the Irish poet and novelist James Joyce, which was first published in 1914. This story of a boarding house, like the other stories in Dubliners, describes the lives of ordinary citizens of Dublin and illustrates their various qualities. There are three main characters – Mrs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Boarding House or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mooney, her daughter Polly and Mr. Doran. At the very beginning the author describes Mrs. Mooney, who relinquished a family traditional business – the butchery, and set up a boarding house in Hardwicke Street. There is no reference to many of her outward appearances, the author probably thinks it is not important and he leaves the picture of Mrs. Mooney to the reader’s imagination. However, he is very accurate in the description of her life and personality. He treats her as a courageous, strong, self-confident and imposing woman who dismissed her aggressive and worthless husband (she got a separation from him with care of the children). All the resident young men spoke of her as The Madam. In the present emancipated world, where women are practically independent, equal to men, having their own businesses, it would be nothing unusual for a woman like that. However, the character of Mrs. Mooney was likely quite anomalous at the beginning of the twentieth century, when the story was published. It was men who greatly dominated, earned money, led businesses, while women took care of household and brought up children. Besides, divorces used to be followed just exceptionally. Despite of this, Mrs. Mooney is not faultless. She can be cunning and intriguing and she has much trouble with her two incorrigible offsprings, who are described in detail in the following paragraphs. Jack Mooney, the Madam’s son, who was clerk to a commission agent in Fleet Street, had the reputation of being a hard case. He was fond of using soldiers’ obscenities; usually he came home in the small hours. Mrs. Mooney’s other child is her daughter, Polly. Polly was a slim girl of nineteen; she had light soft hair and a small full mouth. Her eyes, which were grey with a shade of green through them, had a habit of glancing upwards when she spoke with anyone, which made her look ike a little perverse madonna. Mrs. Mooney had first sent her daughter to be a typist in a corn-factor’s office but, as a disreputable sheriff’s man used to come every other day to the office, asking to be allowed to say a word to his daughter, she had taken her daughter home again and set her to do housework. It is apparent that Mrs. Mooney kept her daughter from meeting men. Unfortunately, she was not very successful, because Polly flirted with young men lodged in the boarding house. In her mother’s opinion these romances were just waste of time, none of them meant business or benefits. Still one day she found that something was going on between Polly and one of the young men. She started spying on them quietly, pretending not to know anything. People in the house learnt of the affair too, so it could be a scandal. However, Mrs. Mooney still did not intervene. The story progressed on a bright Sunday morning in early summer. First of all, Mrs. Mooney interviewed Polly. Things were as she had suspected: she had been frank in her questions and Polly had been frank in her answers. Mrs. Mooney did not ask any more pointless questions. She had a great plan, according to religious rules: for every sin there must be made reparation. For her only one reparation could make up for the loss of her daughter’s honour: marriage. If he married her daughter, Polly’s future would be secured. She had a plenty of cogent arguments and she was sure that she would succeed that day. She knew quite a lot about Mr. Doran and his job: he had been working for thirteen years in a great Catholic wine-merchant’s office and publicity of that affair would bring him the loss of his job. Then Polly visited Mr. Doran in his room, crying desperately. They retrospected the past, how they first met, how Polly cared for him, heated him food, how they used to spend the nights together. But Mr. Doran disregarded his relation to Polly. She was just a kind of entertainment for him. He disliked her thoughtless behaviour, her origin and the way of her speech. He was afraid what his family and his friends would think of her. The hysterical and intriguing Polly started to cry even more and threatened with committing suicide in case Mr. Doran left her. She was interrupted by a servant, Mary. She said that Mrs. Mooney would like to talk to Mr. Doran downstairs. He put on suitable clothes, let Mary cry on the bed and went to the Madam. On his way he met Jack Mooney and recollected the day when the violent Jack bawled at one London artiste threatening any fellow who would try that sort of a game on with his sister to put his teeth bloody well down his throat. Then we do not know what happened, there is no reference to Mrs. Mooney and Mr. Doran conversation. The following paragraphs describe just Polly’s cry. And the last paragraphs of the story are quite clear: At last she heard her mother calling. She started to her feet and ran to the banisters. Polly! Polly! † â€Å"Yes, mamma? † â€Å"Come down, dear. Mr. Doran wants to speak to you. † Obviously, the scene must have continued, but nothing else is added, so the story is open-ended. The reader is probably supposed to believe that Mrs. Mooney’s succeeded and forced Mr. Doran to marry Polly. Of course, there would be more options with a little imagination. Mr. Doran might have refused her suggestion, made a scene and left the boarding house. Even though, considering the conservative times and the country, Mrs. Mooney ultimately succeeded and Mr. Doran put up with marrying her daughter. How to cite The Boarding House, Papers

The Loyalty of Wives in The Canterbury Tales Essay Example For Students

The Loyalty of Wives in The Canterbury Tales Essay The Canterbury Tales is the epitome of ideals of medieval Europe. The lives of most medieval women were the role of the wife such as the lives of the women in The Canterbury Tales. These women create a new definition of loyalty and partnership. The three women, The Wife of Bath, Dorigen, and Pertelote, all have different forms of expressing loyalty, but still hold the strong principles of marriage and honor to their husband. The Wife of Bath is one of the three female story tellers. She travels around the world and allows her experiences to freely flow. She has a refined characteristic shown by the way she dresses. The Wife enjoys conversation and uses both commonsense and intellectual truth. She has been married five times and through her experiences with her husbands, has learned how to provide for herself in a world where women had little independence or power. In her prologue her experiences give her the chance to speak on marital troubles: Experience, though no authority were in this world, were good enough for me, to speak of woe that is in marriage (line 1-4). She cannot understand Christs rejection of the woman for having been married five times as quoted, But someone told me not so long ago, that since out Lord, save once, would never go, to wedding (that at Gana in Galilee), thus, by this same example, showed He me I never should have married more than once (lines 9-13). She believes the decision of virginity has been left to the individuals own judgment. The Wife agrees that virginity is great, but it is meant for those who want to lead perfect lives and she accepts that she is not perfect. She also argues that God created the sex organs for both function and pleasure. The Wife will never be difficult or refuse to have sex when her husband wants to because this is how she gains full power over her husbands. She manipulates husbands by withholding sensual pleasure, which she believes is the reason that men give her what she wants. This Prologue is more important than her tale because it is a defense of her multiple marriages and a justification of her maistrye. This makes the Wife a misrepresentation of the conventional medieval wife. She reinforces stereotypes for the refusal of showing that women should to be submissive and contrary to that, the Wife accepts that men are more reasonable than women. She concludes with the reason why men accept womens power only to avoid nagging and arguing in the household. She remains loyal to her mate because he is under her control. The Franklins Tale is a short romance in which the main female character, lady Dorigen, is married to a knight, Averagus. Unlike most medieval couples, they are genuinely in love. Averagus decides to go to Britain to get training in arms which causes Dorigen great grief: For all his absence wept she and she sighed, as noble wives do at lone foreside. She mourned, watched, wailed, she fasted and complained (Franklins Tale page 2 of 9). A squire, Aurelius, confesses his love with Dorigen only to meet her refusal. Dorigen tells the squire that she would consent to his love if he could remove all the rocks from the coast of Brittany to make her husbands voyage back home safe. In search of her love, Aurelius desperately gets a magician to make the rocks disappear. Meanwhile Arveragus returns home safely and they are happily reunited. Aurelius goes to meet Dorigen to demand that she fulfills her end of the bargain. Dorigen, who has been certain that the promise would never be met is horrified, shows her loyalty towards her husband by telling him about the dilemma. Arveragus tells her that she must honor her promise and sends Dorigen to Aurelius. Aurelius is extremely moved by Arveraguss nobility and Dorigens unconditional love and loyalty to her husband. With reason lady Dorigen refuses to be unfaithful to her husband and he releases her from her obligation.

Beowulf Research Paper Example

Beowulf Paper The classic epic poem Beowulf is strongly centered on a theme of loyalty. Given that the historic setting and milieu of the epic, it is understandable why this particular quality of human affairs was given centre stage. The author portrays a heroic image of the protagonist, who fearlessly fights enemies in order to save his master Hrothgar and his country’s subjects. At a time when the Anglo-Saxon dominions were in perennial rife and warfare, this display of devotion and loyalty to one’s master is all the more glorious. For example, the fifth century to eleventh century A.D. when this epic poem was set, referred to by historians as the Early English period, was of much historical significance in terms of its relevance to the uniqueness and vibrancy of the Anglo-Saxon cultural evolution during the subsequent centuries. In this context, the study of Beowulf and the associated notions of loyalty and heroism is quite essential in understanding the English cultural heritage. The following passages will explore this theme further. In addition to this extraordinary exhibition of valor on part of Beowulf, the poem is also a narrative of the underlying codes of conduct and loyalty in the primitive Anglo-Saxon society of the time. While a high standard of honorable existence is expected from the Kings and Nobles, it is only a few men of exceptional courage who actually live up to those ideals. Beowulf is obvious one of the select few, as is made evident from his brave conquering of Grendel, as well as his fearless combat with the dragon. Beowulf is also portrayed as possessing other finer qualities, such as discretion and generosity. We will write a custom essay sample on Beowulf specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Beowulf specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Beowulf specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Beowulf displays unquestioning allegiance not only to Hrothgar, but also to his King Hygelac. In a statement of the rich Anglo-Saxon cultural tradition, Beowulf is shown to be faithful to the commoners and citizens as well. The author tries to portray the epitome of an Anglo-Saxon warrior in the form of Beowulf. The other aspect of the Anglo-Saxon culture that is brought forth in the epic is a disposition toward deterministic and fatalistic currents of thought among the civil society of the time. This is manifest all the more clearly in the battles that Beowulf wages against his adversaries. The classic example of this takes the form of Beowulf’s combats with Grendel and then the dragon later in time. At the time of writing this epic poem, the qualities that were understood to define the heroic in man were bravery, courage and steadfast loyalty. A hero is someone who is worthy of his status in society, someone whom the citizens look up to and try to emulate. It is an understatement to say that the character of Beowulf epitomized all the above mentioned heroic qualities. For instance, his fearless act in response to a threat to Hrothgar, as well as his fight with the mighty monster Grendel are too very good examples of the Anglo-Saxon heroic embodiment that Beowulf was. In a similar vein, the poem also gives a glimpse of the qualities expected of an ideal king. It tries to portray a virtuous king as someone whose actions are grounded on ethics and a sense of justice. As much as the central character Beowulf himself, the King is also a prime example of the valorous Anglo-Saxon tradition. His actions and decisions are based on this strong moral foundation, thereby setting an example for his loyal warriors and common subjects alike. Also, Beowulf himself conducts his affairs worthy of his king’s high moral standards. Through this exemplary conduct, Beowulf and his king win over the trust and admiration of the people under their command. Introduction: The tussle for supremacy between England and France goes back to ancient history. After several failed attempts in previous centuries, the Normans finally defeated the English in the Battle of Hastings in the year 1066, thereby changing the course of the island’s history significantly. Not only did the Normans take over the political reigns but also effected profound changes to the cultural and linguistic heritage of the people of England. This essay will attempt to show how the Norman Conquest of England left a lasting impact on future generations of English in the social, political, literary and cultural realms. Immediately following the Norman Conquest, the religious orthodoxy of England faced a serious threat to their material possessions, as the new rulers ordered despoliation of church treasures, imposition of punitive gelds and taxes, introduced new mandates of knight service, and lay magnates’ seizure of the estates belonging to .

Health care organizations essay part 2Essay Writing Service

Health care organizations essay part 2Essay Writing Service Health care organizations essay part 2 Health care organizations essay part 2Health care organizations essay part  1The growing number of patients of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers naturally leads to the question of increasing the number of beds. However, at the moment, Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers tend to refuse from increasing the number of discharges to open additional beds because of the lack of financial resources and poor funding. In this regard, the high costs of health care services and inability of patients to cover their health care costs or insurance virtually force Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers to refuse from increasing the number of beds because patients will be unable to uncover the increased costs of Medical Centers.Another important issue that Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers are dealing with is the transfer patients to the next level of care from the emergency room. As they receive patients f or the treatment in emergency rooms they need to transfer them to another unit of care. However, Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers face the problem of the proper transfer of patients because of their limited inpatient capacity (Fuchs Emanuel, 2005). At the same time, this problem emerges in the result of the poor communication between units of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers. As a result, they may have difficulties with the delivery of inpatients from the emergency unit to the target unit. For example, a patient may be transferred from emergency unit to another unit, where the patient is transferred to the target unit. Such extra transfer of the patient occurs because the emergency unit fails to communicate properly with the target unit.  In such a context, Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers face the problem of the transformation of delivery of care to improve the discharge process/patient flow. The trans formation of delivery of care to improve the discharge process is an essential step because the failure of the discharge process puts under a threat the overall effectiveness of health care services delivered to patients. In other words, the poor discharge process can deteriorate the quality of health care services, if Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers fail to discharge patients fast and accurately. If they lose time, while discharging patients from the emergency unit to the target unit, they may prevent other patients from obtaining urgent medical care and deteriorate the performance of other units, if patients are wrongfully discharged to a unit other but the target one.Therefore, the introduction of the change is essential to improve the performance of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers and to prevent the failure of the discharge process because this problem can trigger the overall decline of the quality of health care services pro vided by Medical Centers, the decrease of the confidence of patients in the quality of health care services and professionalism of health care professionals working in Medical Center, and the deterioration of the quality of life of patients of Medical Centers. The resolution of the problem should involve the improvement of the patient flow management and discharge process (Altrichter Gstettner, 1993). In this regard, it is possible to recommend the enhancement of the patient flow management and discharge process through the improvement of the communication between emergency unit and other units. The introduction of modern information technologies and telecommunication systems along with electronic medical records for each patient may resolve the problem and enhance consistently the patient flow and discharge process management in Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers.The introduction of the change involves three stages: unfreeze, change, and refreeze (Lewin, 20 07). This model developed by Kurt Lewing (2007) is applicable to Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers, which can introduce the change aiming at the improvement of the patient flow and discharge process management through the introduction of new technologies and telecommunication systems to enhance the information sharing and communication within Medical Centers, particularly between emergency unit and other units of Medical Centers. Each step of the change is crucial and steadily leads to the successful introduction and assimilation of the change within the organization.The first step is unfreezing the change. In fact, this is the first and probably the most important step toward the change. The unfreezing stage implies the understanding of the necessity of the change by the management and staff of the organization. Therefore, managers and employees of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers should become aware of the urgent change that has t o be implemented in the field of the patient flow and discharge process management. The understanding is an essential condition of the implementation and acceptance of the change by the staff of Medical Centers. In this regard, managers of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers should conduct the detailed study of their organizational performance. For example, SWOT analysis conducted above reveals the persisting gap between the patient flow and discharge process management and the quality of health care services that Medical Centers can deliver to their patients (Schein, 2009). As a result, managers can become aware that the change is urgent and essential.However, the unfreezing stage implies not only the understanding of the problem by managers but also by other members of the organization (Wetherbe, 2006). Therefore, managers of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers should communicate the problem to other employees working in Medical Center s and suggest a solution to the problem. For example, they can communicate to health care professionals working in Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers that the introduction of new information system and modern telecommunication system along with medical health records will improve consistently the quality of the patient flow and discharge process management. Managers should justify the change and emphasize key benefits of the change, including the improvement of the quality of health care services delivered to patients, the facilitation of the employees’ performance, the decrease of the risk of miscommunication between professionals working in Medical Centers and others (Miner, 2005). As managers communicate the project of the change to employees, they should receive the feedback from employees and take into consideration their suggestions and remarks concerning the change (Weber Weber, 1994). After that managers should develop the plan of the change t o prepare it to the further introduction that will take place at the second stage of the change.The change is the second stage of the implementation of the change. In fact, this stage is the implementation of the change proper. The implementation of the change should occur according to the change plan. In case of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers, it is possible to recommend outsourcing the supply of the required technology and telecommunication systems required for the proposed change along with the introduction of electronic medical records for all patients. The outsourcing will facilitate the introduction of the change because Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers will receive a ready and working product that will allow Medical Centers to introduce it immediately (Schmitt Simonson, 2007). The training of the staff may be required to help health care professionals to use the full potential of the new information system and telecommuni cation system along with electronic medical records to enhance the patient flow and discharge process management.At the same time, the implementation of the change should be accompanied by monitoring and control from the part of control officers appointed by managers of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers. Control officers will monitor and control the change to find out whether the implementation of the change matches the plan or not. Control officers will also assess the effectiveness of change and how it has influenced the performance of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers and professionals working in Medical Centers. They should also measure the impact of the change on the quality of health care services and effectiveness of the patient flow and discharge process management. For example, they may use the measurement of the patient satisfaction to assess the quality of services delivered by health care professionals working in Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers. They can also measure the time spend on the discharge and transfer of patients from emergency unit to other units as well as they can measure cases of re-transfer of patients from units, where they were delivered from the emergency unit, to other units. In such a way, control officers will notice whether there are any improvements and what improvements exactly have occurred within Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers.Finally, the last stage of the change is refreezing. The refreezing stage implies that the change becomes an integral part of the organizational culture and it is not actually the change anymore but the integral part of the organizational performance (Wilkins, 2009). The refreezing stage involves the assimilation of the change into the organizational structure and operations. In case of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers, the refreezing of the change means that employees wi ll use the new information system and telecommunication system along with electronic medical records on the regular basis; they will be proficient in using the new system; and the new system will have a positive impact on the organizational performance that means that the problem of the poor patient flow and discharge process management will be resolved (Mohrman, 2008). Moreover, employees of Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers should not take the change for the change anymore. Instead, they should take the new system for granted and they should use the new information system to manage patient flow and discharge process more effectively and succinctly.Thus, Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers need consistent changes to improve the quality of the patient flow and discharge process management. At the moment, Medical Centers face the problem of the low quality of the patient flow and discharge process. As a result, patients may fail to be t ransferred from the emergency unit to the target unit fast that deteriorates the quality and speed of the delivery of health care services to these patients as well as other patients, who need the urgent medical aid. The proposed solution involves the introduction of the new information system that will facilitate the communication between all units and professionals within Veterans Health Administration New England Medical Centers. Hence, they will be able to manage the patient flow and discharge process more effectively.

Portfolio essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Portfolio - Essay Example I have learned more than just argumentative writing techniques. In my portfolio, I have included technical writing, expository writing and literary criticism, among other various forms. For instance, I have used expository writing in an article I wrote titled â€Å"what happens in Saudi Arabia every hour?† This can be exhibited by the way that I have given a back story or background information about Saudi Arabia in my introductory paragraph. I have attempted to explore in depth the contrast between the reality in Saudi Arabia and the perceived image that most people might have about Saudi Arabia. Many people round the world are misinformed and deem Saudi Arabia as a bad and an inhabitable place. In my essay, I have expounded in the good and the bad regarding the country. Additionally, I have expounded on the fact that deaths from road accidents in Saudi Arabia have been on the rise by providing statistics from previous years to support my thesis. I used research in this paper to incorporate outside information into my analysis that supports the topic I was dealing with. The assessment made from the research I carried out when writing the essay remains one of my favorite parts of the paper. I have carefully observed reports by Joffe Walts on how most of the accidents in Saudi Arabia mostly claimed the lives youth more than any other group. The statistics showed that road accidents were the number one cause of most death among Saudi Arabian adult males. The females are spared as the society forbids women from driving vehicles. Through the conclusion to the essay that I wrote, I am in a better position now to provoke the thoughts of readers through the use of rhetorical questions regarding statistics of the death toll from road accidents. The reader is compelled into thought when reading through the rhetorical questions employed. This article has made a deliberate attempt to showcases my skills in regard to summarizing, in depth analysis and alignment of

The most important lessons Catholic school principals should draw from Essay

The most important lessons Catholic school principals should draw from the history of Catholic Church - Essay Example The principals should understand that the most important task of any Catholic School is to maintain continuous strength of the schools. The history of Catholic Church gives out the important lessons that the principals should be aware. Such lessons are; the school should be sustained by gospel witness, have supernatural mission and vision, founded on Christianity, animated by communion and community, and filled with Catholic principals throughout. This essay gives an outline of all these five important lessons that Catholic School Head teachers should be familiar. Supernatural Vision The Catholic Church terms education as the process of transforming children to fix their eyes on heaven. The major purpose of Catholic Church education is to educate students to be good citizens and God-fearing ones. Therefore, the Schools’ Principals should ensure that they produce citizens who have good morals and follow the will of Almighty. Catholic Schools, unlike other institutions such as Government, business, and media, which view education as an instrument for acquisition information to students to improve their living standard and chances of worldly success, Catholic Churches’ vision of education is to help student improve their moral behaviors, be God loving, and become saints of the world to come. Christian Anthropology Foundation The Catholic Churches emphasizes on Supernatural destiny of students meaning that schools should perfect all students to become good images of God. The Catholic history describes that graces depends on the nature of the human beings. Therefore, the Principals should be aware that Catholic School educators should be able to understand the human person. The educators should have both natural and supernatural power of perfection of the students under their care (Stewart, 2008:212). However, the Catholic history emphasizes on schools educational philosophy built on a proper understa nding of what human person is. All the Catholic School educators should teach his lessons with Christianity concept. Therefore, Catholic Schools, unlike other public schools is not a factory of teaching skills to fulfill the skill requirement for business and industry, and must be founded on Christian Anthropology. Animated on Communion and Community According to Catholic History, a school is a community of persons and faith. Due to this emphasis, Catholic Schools are different from public schools and roots to the nature of human being and church reality. Therefore, catholic schools are educational community. Schools' Principals should be aware that Catholic schools are as a community according to the church Council (Stewart, 2008:121). The dimension of this community is a theological perception rather than sociological group. Catholic History defines school in four areas: teamwork of the involved, educators and bishops’ cooperation, teacher-students’ interaction, and physical environment of the school. The principal should ensure that the school adheres to all these aspects for a smooth running of the schools. Schools should be always imbued with Catholic Worldview One of the key factors of a Catholic school is the permeation of Catholicism spirit throughout its curriculum. According to Catholic history, the purpose of education in school is to perfect growth of the students. Education has the main purpose of developing students’ capability by improving his or her physical, psychological, moral standards, and religious capabilities (Stewart, 2008:293). In order for the school to produce integral students, it must have gospel guidance. Therefore, the principals should ensure tha

Organizational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Organizational Behaviour - Essay Example Managing OB is a relatively complex process in normal situations, especially if a major change occurs like mergers and acquisitions (M&A) or other important structural or managerial changes within an organization. This organizational change is quite often stressful to everyone concerned. There may be fears of loss of jobs, changes in duties and responsibilities, fears (or hopes) of change in the compensation structure, and the ever present attitude of resistance to change. This paper is a study of organizational behaviour, culture, and change in the context of an acquisition of two banks in the Republic of Cyprus. The study will be with reference to major theories, perceptions, books, journals, and that have been evolved over the years with regard to OB, culture and change. The Laiki Bank made an offer to Egnatia Bank, and the Marfin Financial Group in September 2006, and successfully acquired them a month later. The name of the organization (Laiki Bank) was changed to Marfin Popular Bank Public Company Ltd. The entity will be referred to Marfin Popular Bank in the rest of the paper. At the time of the acquisition Laiki Bank was one of the largest and oldest banks in Cyprus. What is interesting is that the other two banks were also similar in size and were running profitably. The offer to acquire the other two banks was approved by the shareholders of Laiki Bank and the acquisition took place a month after the offer was made. The apparent â€Å"motivation behind the merger was to create a strong financial group to facilitate expansion into the broader banking and financial market of the Balkan states and southeastern Europe† (Morley & Ward, 2008, P. 22). The Laiki Bank was partly owned by HSBC, which gave up its twenty one percent stake after the acquisition. In that sense, the management and employees of the bank had the

Theory of Relativity and Pathological Science

Theory of Relativity and Pathological Science In March of 1918 Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington and his assistant E. Cottingham, went to the island of Principe off the West Coast of Africa—with a second party stationed in Sobral, Brazil—to prepare for an experiment that would observe a total eclipse of the sun, and provide conclusive proof of Einstein’s theory of relativity.[1] On 29 May 1919 they photographed a solar eclipse providing the basis for Eddington’s claims of proving Einstein’s theory. The results of the experiment caused an international sensation, with Eddington being credited as the man who finally verified Einstein’s revolutionary theory. Recently, the experiment and its results have been the subject of debate. Eddington’s methods and the nature of the experiment have cast doubt over its validity. Considered within Irving Langmuir’s notion of ‘pathological science’, this paper argues that Eddington’s canonical experiment displays many symptom s associated with pathological science, showing the danger of performing scientific experiments with predictions already in hand, and that have been derived from theory alone. Regarding the theory of relativity, it was agreed that according to both Newton and Einstein’s theories, a strong gravitational field should have an effect on light rays. If Einstein’s theory were correct, light coming from the stars should be observably more bent during a solar eclipse as they pass through the sun’s gravitational field than in Newton’s theory. Einstein believed that a star’s light would be shifted twice as much. The expected displacements were 0.87 second of an arc in Newton’s theory versus 1.74 seconds of arc for Einstein’s.[2] Since the sun’s gravitational effect is much greater on light than that of the earth, a solar eclipse was the only way of experimentally verifying Einstein’s predictions. On the day of the experiment several problems existed. Skies were cloudy when the pictures were taken, and many problems were associated with the equipment. However, Eddington was able to obtain some useable dat a and presented the results at a special joint meeting of the Royal Astronomical Society and the Royal Society of London on 6 November 1919.[3] The results from Sobral provided measurements from seven stars that gave a deflection of 1.98  ± 0.16 arc seconds, with results from Principe recorded at 1.61  ± 0.40 arc seconds.[4] As Peter Coles states, â€Å"Both were within the two standard errors of the Einstein value of 1.74 and more than two standard errors away from either zero or the Newtonian value of 0.87. Einstein had hit the jackpot.†[5] On December 18, 1953, Dr. Irving Langmuir—Nobel laureate in chemistry in 1932—gave a lecture at the Knolls Research Laboratory where he addressed, â€Å"the science of things that aren’t so†, giving examples of a problem he called ‘pathological science’.[6] Langmuir identified six ‘symptoms’ of pathological science: The maximum effect that is observed is produced by a causative agent of barely detectable intensity, and the magnitude of the effect is substantially independent of the intensity of the cause. The effect is of a magnitude that remains close to the limit of detectability; or, many measures are necessary because of the very low statistical significance of the results. Claims of great accuracy. Fantastic theories contrary to experience. Criticisms are met by ad hoc excuses thought up on the spur of the moment. Ratio of supporters to critics rises up to somewhere near 50% and then falls gradually to oblivion.[7] While a case could be made that each one of these symptoms can be found in Eddington’s experiments, this paper will focus on two of them in particular—number two and number five. Experiments that fall into symptom number two have the common characteristic that they are very near the threshold of visibility of the eyes. The solar eclipse and the evidence it produced falls directly into this category. Collins and Pinch state, â€Å"It is as though a star whose light grazed the edge of the sun would appear to be displaced by a distance equivalent to the width of a penny viewed from a mile away.†[8] Problems arising from this symptom are that data is easily rejected. According to Langmuir, â€Å"If things were doubtful at all†, scientists â€Å"discard them or not discard them depending on whether or not they fit the theory.†[9] This is exactly what Eddington did with his results from Principe. He used only two photographic plates out of a total of 26 produced. From the plates, 18 were of very poor quality. These were completely ignored in his presentation and irrelevant to the experiment. His justification for this is related to the next sym ptom of pathological science. The fifth symptom maintains that any criticisms are met by ad hoc excuses thought up at the spur of the moment. When confronted about the unused plates, Eddington justified ignoring the results by claiming they suffered from systematic error. However he was unable to produce any convincing evidence to show that this was the case. When he chose which observations to keep and which to throw away, Eddington had Einstein’s prediction very much in mind.[10] The general lessons to be learned from Eddington’s work relate to the difficulties encountered when performing an experiment to verify a prediction based off theory. In Eddington’s interpretation of the observations, he â€Å"seemed to confirm not only Einstein’s prediction about the actual displacement, but also his method of deriving the prediction from his theory—something that no experiment can do.†[11] Eddington claimed to confirm Einstein because he had used Einstein’s derivations in interpreting what his observations really were, with the further paradox that Einstein’s derivations only became accepted because Eddington’s observations appeared to confirm them—â€Å"Observation and prediction were linked in a circle of mutual confirmation rather than being independent of each other as we would expect according to the conventional idea of an experimental test.†[12] Henry H. Bauer argues that ‘pathological science’ is not scientific misconduct, and not done intentionally.[13] Eddington was not purposely misguiding the scientific community. He was victim to common problems confronted by all scientists, especially physicists. As Trevor and Pinch note, We have no reason to think that relativity is anything but the truth†¦but it is a truth which came into being as a result of decisions about how we should live our scientific lives, and how we should license our scientific observations; it was a truth brought about by agreement to agree about new things. It was not a truth forced on us by the inexorable logic of a set of crucial experiments.[14] Bibliography Bauer, Henry H. ‘Pathological Science is not Scientific Misconduct, (nor is it pathological)’, Hyle—International Journal for the History of Chemistry, 8(1), 2002, pp.5-22. Coles, Peter. Einstein and the Total Eclipse. London: Icon Books, 1999. Collins, Harry and Pinch, Trevor. The Golem: what everyone should know about science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Langmuir, Iriving. ‘Pathological Science’. Trans R.N. Hall. Colloquium at the Knolls Research Laboratory, December 18, 1953. 1 Footnotes [1] Harry Collins and Trevor Pinch, The Golem: what everyone should know about science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), p.44. [2] Peter Coles, Einstein and the Total Eclipse (London: Icon Books, 1999), p.52. [3] Coles, p.52. [4] Coles, p.52. [5] Ibid. [6] Irving Langmuir, â€Å"Pathological Science†, trans. R.N. Hall, Colloquium at the Knolls Research Laboratory, December 18, 1953, section 3. [7] Ibid. [8] Collins and Pinch, The Golem, p.44. [9] Langmuir, ‘Pathological Science’, section 3. [10] Collins and Pinch, p.45. [11] Ibid. [12] Ibid. [13] Henry H. Bauer, ‘Pathological Science is not Scientific Misconduct, (nor is it pathological)’, Hyle—International Journal for the History of Chemistry, 8(1), 2002, p.5. [14] Collins and Pinch, p.54.

social engineering Essay -- essays research papers

Pedophilia in short is the desire of an adult for sexual contact with children. Pedophiles have been known to molest children only hours after being released from a lengthy prison sentence. In some instances, they kill their victims in order to cover up their crimes. Over the years, society has implemented many attempts to contain pedophilia including such measures as incarceration, therapy, and even castration. Few of these have proven successful. Pedophilia poses an alarming problem for society, particularly the children who are the victims of the sexual abuse. According to Bertrand (2005) â€Å"In the United States, up to 500,000 cases are reported each year, and many more go unreported. In 1990, this crime cost over $2 billion -- and this figure does not include psychotherapy for the child... social engineering Essay -- essays research papers Pedophilia in short is the desire of an adult for sexual contact with children. Pedophiles have been known to molest children only hours after being released from a lengthy prison sentence. In some instances, they kill their victims in order to cover up their crimes. Over the years, society has implemented many attempts to contain pedophilia including such measures as incarceration, therapy, and even castration. Few of these have proven successful. Pedophilia poses an alarming problem for society, particularly the children who are the victims of the sexual abuse. According to Bertrand (2005) â€Å"In the United States, up to 500,000 cases are reported each year, and many more go unreported. In 1990, this crime cost over $2 billion -- and this figure does not include psychotherapy for the child...

Plato’s Republic Three Parts of the Soul Essay

In his book The Republic, Plato searches for justice within the individual and what makes a person just. By comparing his sense of what is just at a political level and what is just at a psychological level he proposes three virtues of the individual which will make that particular person just. The virtues are of wisdom, courage and moderation. A just man won’t differ at all from a just city in respect to the form of justice; rather he’ll be like the city (Republic 435b). Once Plato has found justice within the city he seeks to transfer it back into the human soul. Plato talks about the ability of a person to be indecisive about actions such as drinking when something in their soul forbids them to do so even if they desire it. This indecisiveness can be transformed into internal conflict between more than one part of the soul. One part of the soul is the rational part and the part that lusts, hungers, thirsts and gets excited is the appetitive part (439d). Plato then identifies a third part of the soul, the spirited part, which is used to create emotions. Appetite is a really big part of our souls. It contains both necessary desires, which should be indulged (such as the desire to eat enough to stay alive) and unnecessary desires, which should be limited (such as the desire to eat your entire birthday cake). Though the appetite lusts after many things, Plato says it’s money-loving, since money is required for satisfying most of these desires. It is therefore obvious to Plato that the rational part of the soul should rule, as the rulers in the city do, because they both display the virtue of wisdom and can therefore exercise foresight on behalf of the entire soul. 441e) Similarly, just as the guardians assist the rulers in maintaining justice within the city, the spirited part of the soul will use emotions in order to maintain order and harmony within the soul which is justice. These two parts of the soul will be able to control its appetitive part, which may, through its insatiable desire for money, attempt to overthrow its particular role and rule over the body and even tually the classes that it is not naturally suited to rule over (442a). Consequently, justice in the individual and justice in the city would be overturned leading to chaos and war. The rulers and guardians exist in order to control and direct the producers who are the majority of the population, as the rational and spirited parts of the soul rule the desires of the individual. Therefore a just person would be one with a spirited part of the soul that would persevere through pleasures and pains in order to carry out the rational part’s intentions on what should be feared and what should not (442b). This ability is identifiable as the virtue of courage, which is evident in the guardians. Moreover, this pattern of parallel virtues between the city and the soul continues as a person’s reason is most able to make decisions about what is advantageous for each part and for the whole soul when he/she has the knowledge associated with wisdom. As a result the desires should be kept in a state of moderation by the rational part of the soul so that the ruler and the ruled both agree that the rational part should rule and not engage in civil war (442c). In conclusion, justice in the individual is similar to justice within the city where a person puts himself in order, is his own friend, and harmonizes the three parts of himself like three limiting notes in a musical scale (443d). In the city, justice is obtained by the three parts of society each fulfilling their role as best they can, and displaying the same three virtues of wisdom, courage and moderation. This leads to a harmony between the parts, the best possible combination, which is described as justice by Plato both within the city and within the soul. This should be obvious as; after all, a city is made up of many individuals. The harmonious or rightly ordered soul, then, is one which practices the virtues of each part. The virtue of the appetites is moderation; the virtue of the spirit is courage; the virtue of the intellect is wisdom. Through these virtues the human soul attains a certain concord or integrity, which Plato understood as the only real happiness worthy of the name. The overall purpose of the Republic is for Plato to understand what makes people happy. He discovers this through the process of dividing the soul up and seeing how they work together. Ultimately, if you live a just life you live a life of wisdom and your rational side comes first. If you live an unjust life you live your life by honor, victory, or money. Most men and women living unjust lives have a one-track mind. They forget their other priorities and doing what’s right just so they get what they want. Just people always beat and unjust person and live a happier and fuller life. His separation of the soul is very simplistic altogether. However, his individual ideas were very complex. Plato wanted us to to think for ourselves to discover how we decide to arrange our parts of the soul.

Bio animals essays

Bio animals essays 1.) Chordates are animals that posses a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, and pharyngeal slits at some point in its development. 2.) Vertebrates have a backbone, an endoskeleton, or skeleton on the inside of the body, a large brain in a skull, a large brain in a skull, an advanced nervous system. A complex heart and circulatory system, a special kind of outer covering, one or two pairs of appendages. 3.) The five classes of a vertebrate are the fish, amphibian, reptile, bird, and mammal classes. 4.) Lampreys are parasites. They have a circular mouth with teeth on their tongues, which they use to attach themselves to another fishs body. When they attach to the fishes(host) they scrap away at the skin with their large teeth and a strong, rasping tongue. They then suck up the tissues and the body fluids of the fish(host). They are not true fishes because they have no bones what so ever. They are the only vertebrates that do not have backbone as adults. 5.) Sharks are not true fish because they do not have scales or bones in their skeleton. The also do not have a flap of skin covering their gills as some other fishes do. Sharks just have five to seven rows of slits. 6.) Cartilage is a tough tissue that bends easily. 7.) A shark must keep swimming all the time to keep water flowing across its gills to enable it to breathe. 8.) True fishes have a bony skeleton and are covered with scales. Bony fish are what people commonly call fish. Some characteristics of true fish are skeleton of bones covered with scales, fins for swimming, gills for breathing, two-chambered heart, cold-blooded. 9.) Some fish have a swim bladder, a gas filled bag that enable them to go from shallow to deep water. 10.) Fish obtain oxygen by gulping water and passing the water over their gills. And the gills absorb the oxygen from the water, and the water is passed, by osmosis to the blood vessel. 11.) Cold-blooded mean their body tem ...

The Slow Death of The Bill of Rights essays

The Slow Death of The Bill of Rights essays THE SLOW DEATH OF "THE BILL OF RIGHTS" The American way of life changed for all citizens on the morning of September 11, 2001, in numerous fashion, some immediate and very obvious, other actions not apparent until much later. On October 26, 2001, a mere six weeks later, the greatest harm due to the tragedy was done to the American citizenry by the decimation of the Bill of Rights that the Framer's of the Constitution so carefully constructed for the individual protection guaranteed when asking citizens to band together as a nation whilst giving up natural freedom. Aside from the loss of life and devastation in the form of grief and damage done to property, the signing of HR 3162, "The USA-Patriot Act" by the President is the most disastrous action that is a result of the terrorist acts suffered by America, and this rushed piece of legislation should immediately be challenged in the judicial system for its Constitutionality and enforceability. Within a week of September 11th, Attorney General John Ashcroft began pressuring the House of Representatives for the passing of his rendition of an anti-terrorism bill. Upon reading the bill, a bipartisan committee reinserted segments that protected rights guaranteed under the Bill of Rights. It was also widely reported that Patrick Leahy, of the Senate Judiciary Committee, felt tremendous pressure being exerted on him by Ashcroft and the White House operatives to hasten the bill through the channels for the immediate signing by President Bush (Village Voice, para 3). The House Judiciary Committee did vote 36-0 on their revised rendition of the anti-terrorism bill that Ashcroft had provided them with, but "House Speaker Dennis Hastert, other Republican leaders, and operatives from the White House scuttled that legislation and crafted a new bill" (Village Voice, para 4). Due to the hastening nature of this legislation, the 175 page bill was voted on and passed 337 to 79 without mos...

The Significance of the Vietnamese Boat People in Canadian Immigration Research Paper

The Significance of the Vietnamese Boat People in Canadian Immigration History - Research Paper Example These people have impacted Canadian culture and its economy greatly. This paper will focus on the migration of Vietnamese people to Canada during the Vietnam War. The paper will discuss the importance of the event and the role of government in the immigration of Vietnamese people. Vietnam War started in 1955 between the communist North Vietnam and the non-communist South Vietnam. The United States of America was also supporting South Vietnam. Vietnam’s People army (Northern Vietnam military) was getting help from communist countries like the Soviet Union. The war was actually a cold war battle between the then two superpowers of the world. They were fighting; the difference was that the battle was not fought directly. The war ended after 20 years of bloodshed and many lives were lost in the process. It is very important to understand the plight of the Vietnamese people in order to understand their reasons for migration to other countries. They were left with no option but to find shelter in foreign countries due to the conflict. They were desperate to leave their homeland. It was not for a better future only that these people were migrating to other countries. They were migrating to save their lives! Canada was not militarily involved in the conflict but its role was very important. It was always with the western capitalist countries but it was not directly aiding the United States in war. But Canada was heavily affected by the influx of thousands of Vietnamese settlers from the war region.

Critical Theory Today - Critical Analysis Paper Research

Critical Theory Today - Critical Analysis - Research Paper Example Hence each individual has a difference story to tell especially if we belong to different groups. The reason why group membership is important to Delgado is because primarily two kinds of groups exist, the In-Group and the Out-Group. The In-group is loosely defined as mainstream society but more importantly, the in-group is the group in power and the group that runs the show. Consequently, the out-group is the group that is marginalized from mainstream society as well as the group that faces the brunt of social discrimination and is often subject to patterns of social hegemony and oppression (Crenshaw et al.). Delgado’s work on the Homo-Narran was a huge achievement for not only critical race theorist but postmodernist as well. He helped define how humans act on others. While postmodernist such a Foucault believes that we act on ideologies, Delgado helped define where ideologies develop and thus how we deconstruct them (Crenshaw et al.). This sort of social stratification is s een in modern America today, as the media portrays the boundaries of the in-group through its idealization of â€Å"what is cool†. This means that individuals who do fit the criteria of cool are marginalized and pushed to the boundaries of the social sphere. To summarize the main concepts or Critical race theory, there are three main characteristics. First, that racism is ordinary, not aberrational (â€Å"normal science†), the usual way society functions, the frequent, everyday experience of most people of color (Crenshaw et al.). Second, most would concur that our system of white-over-color ascendancy serves important purposes, both psychological and material. The first feature, ordinariness, means that racism is difficult to cure or redress. Color-blind, or â€Å"formal†, conceptions of equality, expressed in rules that insist only on treatment that is the same across the board can thus remedy only the most blatant forms of discrimination such as mortgage redl ining or the refusal to hire a black Ph.D. rather than a white high school dropout (Crenshaw et al.). The second feature, sometimes called â€Å"interest convergence† or â€Å"material determinism†, adds a further dimension. Because racism advances the interests of both white elites and working-class people, large segments of society have little incentive to eradicate it. Consider Derrick Bell’s proposal that Brown v. Board of Education, considered a great triumph of civil rights litigation, may have resulted more from the self-interest of elite whites than a desire to help blacks (Crenshaw et al.). Lastly, the third theme of critical race theory, the â€Å"social construction† thesis, holds that race and races are products of social thought and relations. Not objective, inherent, or fixed, they correspond to no biological or genetic reality; rather, races are categories that society invents, manipulates, or retires when convenient. People with common ori gins share certain physical traits,

Importance and Benefits of Wetlands Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Importance and Benefits of Wetlands - Essay Example One can imagine the importance of wetlands by the idea that these wetlands provide sources on which the ecosystems are based. These wetlands actually provide support to the entire ecosystems. There are some plants species that can only and specifically survive in the wetlands i.e. water lilies, sedges, cypress, cattails, mangroves and many more other species. These plant species, which are specific in the wetlands and can only grow in a certain environment, are the food for many other living organisms. Therefore, we can say that the wetlands provide food for certain living organisms in the form of different plants. Like plants, there are many other marine animals, which are only specific to the wetlands. These animals are also wetland specific and cannot live in any other area except wetland. The rate of moisture can be seasonal or permanent on these wetlands. Similarly, in these wetlands the water can be different depending upon the nature of wetland. It can be fresh water, salt wat er, marshes, brackish water. The water present on the wetlands can be used in different ways. Like many other things in the natural environment, the wetlands are also disturbed by the human activities. The human beings are using these wet lands for their own construction and other purposes. Another reason behind the problems with the wetlands is the increasing rate of pollution and specially water pollution. These pollution resources are actually destroying the natural habitat of many species, which are specific to the wetlands and cannot grow with a wetland area. The negative impacts of human activities are very clear on these wetlands because they are being cleared or eroded by the human beings. This erosion may destroy the natural chemical makeup of all the species, which are related to the habitat of wetlands and thus a major portion of the wetlands can be shattered.

Planned Organizational Change Essay Example for Free

Planned Organizational Change Essay Abstract Planned organizational change can be defined in many different ways, and characterized on many different levels. The common denominator listed after reviewing two related Internet articles, indicates that change cannot take place for changes sake, but must be implemented to accomplish a specific goal or task. Another common statement states that change must also be accepted and embraced before the desired outcome is achieved. Planned Organizational Change Planned organizational change can be defined in many different ways, and characterized on many different levels. The common denominator listed after reviewing two related Internet articles, indicates that change cannot take place for changes sake, but must be implemented to accomplish a specific goal or task. Another common statement states that change must also be accepted and embraced before the desired outcome is achieved. The first Internet article reviewed was titled Planned Organizational Change as Cultural Revolution (Izumi and Taylor. n.d.). This article was particularly interesting because of the broad statement provided indicating that organizational schemes often fail because of poor reception by those involved. The article states: Organizational schemes gang aft a-gley during the implementation stage because the corporate culture does not change enough to allow the new ideas, procedures, and structures to take hold. There may not be the cultural buy-in necessary to sustain the current change effort. If planned change is to be successful, it must include, as an integral and critical part of the change process, the seeds of the new values, beliefs, and attitudes the organization is trying to grow. Unfortunately, change programs are often set up to fail because the change methods only perpetuate the old way of doing things. This statement rings particularly true for this author. Over the past 20  years in business I have witnessed many organizational changes that have failed miserably. Businesses seem to want a change, for different reasons, but do not know how to properly implement these changes. Improper implementation of a sound plan, not enough organizational commitment, and organizational politics, as indicated in the article, seem to provide some of the most common reasons for failure related to organizational change. Businesses will sometimes have a valid plan to change an organization, but neglect the final stages of implementation. This lack of follow-up invalidates the entire effort. Politics also play a significant role in most organizational change failures. Many businesses have allowed small unofficial organizations to form within organizations; this creates internal kingdoms which prove fatal to organizational change. A strong belief in the importance of a proper structure, as told by the article, often causes change factors to focus on the organization instead or processes. The effects of this type of change produce a structural change instead of a process change that allows the same processes to function under new management. The article goes as far as mentioning on model, used specifically in the case of large mergers, how many resources can be combined with little analysis of the operating environment. The thinking is, the combination of skills, thoughts and ideas will combine to form an organization that operates in a drastically different manner that initially imagined. This idea sounds valid, but a combination of organizational direction from management combined with the evolution of processes and organization would seem to provide the most effective solution. Business Process Reengineering (BPR) is one of the most interesting ideas retrieved from the first Internet article. The BPR is described as a natural outgrowth of the Internal Process approach to organizational effectiveness. This model concentrates on targeting internal processes for change. When these processes are analyzed for inefficiencies there is little consideration given to strategy or organizational structure. When internal processes are changed to increase efficiency, the old systems should be replaced with new systems rather than using the old systems to create new  processes. As old systems are purged, the effects on the organization increase exponentially. The domino effect seen by replacing old processes often surprises businesses as to the effectiveness of this model. The second article reviewed was titled: Basic Context for Organizational Change, this article parallels the previous article reviewed by this author. This article written by Carter McNamara, PhD provides two interesting points: (1) Change should not be done for the sake of change, and (2) There is typically strong resistance to change; people are afraid of the unknown. This author has witnessed several organization changes that could easily been implemented simply for change sake. The Internet article helps in the realization of the necessity for organizational-wide changes to truly create situations that effect positive change. Many times businesses will implement organizational changes in only one or two departments, when the change truly effects the every department or division in a small way. Organizational-wide change, along with change acceptance will go a long way toward creating a favorable atmosphere to change. Typically there are strong resistances to organizational change. People are afraid of the unknown. Many people like the way things are, are comfortable, and dont understand the need for change. Many people view any organizational change as bad, and neglect to give proposed changes an opportunity to succeed. This type of behavior is difficult to remedy, but a well-structured, properly organized change can implement change much easier that an ill conceived plan. In conclusion, this author has realized the importance of implementing and following through with planned changes as an integral part of successful organizational change. This author has also realized that change for change sake is a dangerous proposition and organizational changes should always consider the entire company before attempting local changes. A final lesson teaches the importance of recognizing peoples inherent resistance to change and the need to address human resistance as an important step in any organizational change effort. The items reviewed in both internet articles discussed effective ways to implement and recognized planned change, and  should be invaluable in future business endeavors. Reference Izumi, H., Taylor, D., (n.d.). Planned organizational change as cultural evolution. Empire State College Resource List. Para. 2. Retrieved April 15, 2003 from the World Wide Web:http://www.esc.edu/ESConline/across_esc/forumjournal.nsf/ 3cc42a422514347a8525671d0049f395/1f36661906ca98d9852567b00

History of documentary photography

History of documentary photography For this assignment we were required to work in groups to give a formal presentation on early documentary. Specifically the biography and works of the following three 19th century photographers; Francis Frith, Rodger Fenton and Mathew Brady discussing three images of each photographer. These photographers were a few of the first to record history in the making. To explore and share the places they captured and the people living there. This new form of communication played a vital role in the way society viewed painting and drawing. Not only as a method for channelling material but also as a medium of visual or artistic articulation. The Rockland Community College (2007  ¶3) when discussing the history of documentary photography give the following definitions; The Oxford Encyclopedia of photography defines documentary; â€Å"In the broadest sense, all photography not intended purely as a means of artistic expression might be considered ‘documentary’, the photograph, a visual document, of an event, place, object, or person, providing evidence of a moment in time. Yet the term ‘documentary photography’ has a more specific meaning. The Life Librarys Documentary Photography (1972) defined it as ‘a depiction of the real world by a photographer whose intent is to communicate something of importance—to make a comment—that will be understood by the viewer’. Francis Frith, an English photographer, was born in 1822. By 1853 Frith become a founding member of the Liverpool Photographic Society. A good businessman, Frith sold his companies in 1855 and committed himself exclusively to photography. He made three voyages to the Middle East, the first a trip to Egypt in 1856 with a sizable 16 x 20 camera. When he finally made the journey home Frith was regarded as celebrity as his works had reached London long before he had. In 1860 Frith embarked on a monumental mission. He wanted to document every city, town and village in Britain. His intention was to portray a 3D scene onto a 2D box as accurately as possible. While most travel photographers were partial to the more convenient paper-based calotype, Frith preferred to use the collodian process. This posed many problems during his expeditions to Palestine and Egypt where the climate is dominated by heat, dust and insects. His images have a literal, straightforward representation of the most characteristics of a place. This was accomplished by having a foreground middle ground and background. When possible he added people into his images to give an idea of scale and to add information such as hobbies and fashion. (see Addendum A, fig. 1-3) English born Fenton, came to photography from the legal profession. His first works were a series of calotypes taken during a visit to Russia. He became the principal founder of the Photographic Society of London. His most widespread acclaim came in 1855 with the Crimean War and becoming the official photographer for the British Museum after photographing Queen Victoria. Balaklava looking seawards, (see Addendum B, fig. 1) gives us a general view of the landscape and buildings. In the foreground sits the Commandants house, behind to the right, is the arms quay and the harbour, in the distance there is line of ships retreating. In the left corner we see the remains of the old Genoese castle which sits on the hills. Images of the war were originally intended to counteract the general unpopularity of war and occasional critical reporting (see Addendum B, fig. 2). The images from Fenton were transformed to woodblocks and then published in Illustrated London News which was regarded as a less critical publication. This staged image illustrates the civilised, structured and almost glamorized way in which Fenton wanted to portray the war. Widely regarded as the first iconic photograph of war (see Addendum B, fig. 3). This image was captured in close proximity to where the Charge of the Light Brigade (which was made famous by Tennysons poem) occurred. The soldiers writing back to their families called it The Valley of Death Fenton bolstered this by intentionally titling the image The Valley of the Shadow of Death with its specific reference to Psalm 23. This emphasizes Fentons efforts throughout his career to elevate the status of photography as an art. As seen by Fentons description this image fulfils the role of the documentary photographer in that it is a visual record of history in the making. Known as the father of photojournalism, Ameriacan Mathew Brady was one of the most acclaimed photographers of the19th century. Brady is best acknowledged for the documentation of the American Civil War and his portraits of celebrities. He made use of many paid assistants, managing to capture thousands of images of American Civil War. It is from these images taken that we gather the most knowledge and understanding of the curcumstances which occurred during the War. One of Bradys most well-known images of three confederate soldiers who were captured in Gettysberg, 1863 (see Addendum C, fig. 2). Due to the exposure time we can safely assume that Brady asked the men to gather in order for him to capture the image. In doing so the men intuitively posed in such a way that grants us an indication of how they wanted themselves portrayed. While these men are captives they still stand tall and proud, with one man even having his hand on his chest. Brady had the capability to recognize a story and capture the atmosphere of that story on to film. Brady took many group portraits of both Union regiments and Confederate soldiers. These images (see Addendum C, fig. 2) were all posed in a similar way, showing the order and discipline of both sides. Brady portrayed them all as American Heroes, they fight for that which they believe in. In comparison the photographs of both sides tell the same story of men willing to die for their cause, the only difference being their uniforms. The following image (see Addendum C, fig. 3) was taken of a slave known only as Gordon after he had escaped from a Louisiana plantation. Gordon found refuge at a Union regiment camp where, before he enlisted as a soldier, he was examined by doctors who found the horrific scars on his back. The purpose of the image was to record the brutal treatment Gordon was forced to endure. After this portrait was taken it became on of the most important and powerful images used as part of the movement to abolish slavery in America. Prior to the invention of photography all events, occasions and information were illustrated by a painting medium, and although many paintings evoke an emotional response it would be severely misguided to assume that what we are being presented with is not inaccurate, fictitious, or even unashamedly deceptive. Queen Elizabeth I, for example, has had so many different paintings composed that we have no real means of truly identifying her. However, unlike paintings, the images Frith, Fenton and Brady produced could show more accurately new landscapes and record historical events. Nasreen Chothia and Darren van Tonder 1

England: The City of Today :: European Europe History

England: The City of Today Glorious, glorious England. As the Empire spreads some say "so does its glory"; others mumble of the price which we pay for our greatness. Many of us Londoners have read, if not discussed, the intriguing debate transpiring between Sir Andrew Ure and Sir James Phillips Kay. Are the cities of great England truly representative of the jewels in Her Majesty's Crown? Or are they the stain of exploitation and abuse that some have proclaimed? Sir James Phillips Kay, an M.D. at Edinburgh and the Secretary to the Manchester Board of Health, has recently published a work titled, "The Moral And Physical Conditions of the Working-Class Employed in Cotton Manufacturing in Manchester." (Kay/Ure Debate, Handout) He argues quite persuasively about those poor wretches living in the most hideous of conditions. Half the blame he attributes to the Irish and the other half to the environment of an industrialised city. The Irish immigrants have brought to Manchester a system called "cottier farming". Sir James argues that this system is responsible for the "demoralisation and barbarism" of the working-class. If that is not bad enough, the potato has been introduced as a main article of food. Influenced by the Irish subsistence living, the working-class are abandoning those values which promote increasing comfort. They seemingly have given up the hope of betterment and adopted hopelessness. Sir James does well in his description of the living conditions of the working class is living in. The mere thought of such suffering and misery is shocking to the soul. The problem Kay argues, is caused by combinations of poor living and working conditions, lack of education, influence by a lesser culture and the presence of great immorality. This recently published work is a plea to the Capitalist, to convince him to concern himself with his workers. Andrew Mearns, another prominent fellow on these matters goes into even greater detail in his work, "The Bitter Cry of Outcast London". Making a study of our city, he has reported, with astonishing detail, that the filth present in Manchester can be found in this city! Mr. Mearns makes his argument to the church in his call to unite and fight this growing misery together. He cites examples of immorality, poverty and heart-breaking misery. His call also addresses the need for the state to intervene on the behalf of the organisations trying to elevate the working-classes' misery. What can be done for the motherless children, diseased and ailing siblings and the poor forced into thievery for filthy lucre?

Russian Revolution

Between 1861 and 1917, Russian society had undergone many changes. It is safe to say that every aspect of that society had been some how modified. These changes led up to the Bolshevik revolution in November of 1917. Given the nature of Russian society, was the Bolshevik revolution unavoidable Among the changes Russian society had undergone, one starts off the whole chain of events. This was the emancipation of the serfs, in 1861, by Czar Alexander. The emancipation freed 44 million peasants. The Czar knew that the only way to end the discontent of the serfs and to show that Russia too was a modern society would be to let them free. The Edict of Emancipation caused many problems these uneducated peasants. The land now assigned to them was smaller then the plots they were using as serfs. This was an average of 8 acres. There was also a forty-nine year period over which installments could be paid before the peasants were given full ownership of the land. In fact many peasants were still working for their landlords after the edict. Because of his efforts Alexander was nicknamed the liberator.. Despite giving the serfs their freedom, Alexanders actions cause more problems then they solved. After the unification of Germany between 1861 and 1891, which accelerated its military and political power, Russia too felt it should industrialize. A man named Sergei Witte, who was Minister of Finance from 1892-1903, almost single-handedly pushed Russia into its industrialization. He knew that Russia needed something to start her on the road to industrialization. Wittes efforts made industrial advances from 1892 to 1910. Between 1880 and 1914, Russia had a growth rate of 3. 5%. This would have surely brought Russian higher in the rank of industrial and economical world powers. It was said that all Russia needs is 20 years of peace, without war and she will not be in risk of revolution. Unfortunately, the statement was ignored and in 1904, Russia commenced a yearlong war with Japan. The Czars ministers had assured him that the war with Japan would be an easy victory. In fact Russia suffered a devastating defeat. This leads to the revolution of 1905. Along with industrialization, Russia needed to educate the population. A large majority of the population was illiterate, and factories were looking for more skilled workers. The education of the people led to the growing popularity of several anti-Czarist groups. The Nihilists for example took very violent and destructive path towards revolution, the word nihil meaning nothing.. This group was mainly composed of young educated men from universities. There were also social democrats, such as the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. Both groups aimed to over through the Czar and create a socialist state, they had the support of students and workers, but the main differences were in the organization of the parties. The Bolsheviks, believed in a small, secret, disciplined party of professional revolutionists who would seize power when the time was right.. They planned revolutionary cells of three or four people who would organize strikes and demonstrations in factories. Among these people was Vladimir Ulyanov, better as Lenin. He was a devoted Bolshevik who was exile to in Siberia after being arrested for his action in a Marxist group. Lenin remained outside Russia, with his wife Nadezhda Krupskaya, a fellow revolutionist, and organizing strikes until the revolution in 1917. The Mensheviks, believed the party should be a mass organization which all workers could join. This mass party would grow until it eventually took power. Among these the Mensheviks was Lev Bronstein, better known as Trotsky. Trotsky was a kulack, a rich peasant. Like Lenin he also fell in love with a fellow revolutionist. He was sent to exile for writing revolutionary pamphlets and leading strikes. Later on, he became the Menshevik chairman after coming back from exile in February of 1905. When the revolution collapsed he was once again arrested, but escaped and fled to America. In 1905, a petition of the workers and residents of St. Petersburg was submitted to Czar Nicholas II. A large group had formed in front of his palace and claimed that they would let themselves be shot if the demands of the people were not met, saying, we do not regret this sacrifice. We are glad to make it. Among the demands were: The immediate release of all who have suffered for religious, political, striking and peasant disorders. Universal education financed by the state. The guarantee of the rule of law. Equality of everyone. Separation of church and state. The abolition of indirect taxation. The abolition of redemption payments and the gradual transfer of land to the people. Abolition of the institution of factory inspectors. Immediate freedom for consumer and trade unions. Immediate introduction of a minimum wage. Immediate participation of the working classes in the drafting of a bill for state insurance of workers. The Czar responded by granting the population the freedom of speech, assembly and association, starting the Duma and the security that no law can be changed without the sanction of the state Duma. Unfortunately the set of three Dumas would not get anywhere at all, despite the efforts of Stolypin, who made great agricultural advances. On October 1916, a police report from Petrograd was released. The report states that military defeats helped the masses understand the problem of war. An unfair foodstuffs distribution, a rapid increase in living costs and a lack of supplies are factors that show the state is neglecting what is happening in Russia. Everyday life has become impossible and everywhere there are feelings of hostility. When the revolution took place in November 1917, the Czar had lost the support of his police, as they did not fire upon the crowds, as they did before. The people were just fed up and would not stand for what was happening in their country anymore. After rereading all the information I used to write this report I came to the conclusion that the revolution of 1917 indeed was unavoidable. Perhaps if Russia had gotten its 20 years of peace, as I notes before. Perhaps the Dumas would have worked out the way most people had hoped. The 20-year plan was interrupted by the war with the Japanese. This slowed down Russia development in every aspect. Then there was the First World War, which again slowed down Russian productivity and handicapped the whole country. Taking all the animosity the people felt towards the Czarist government I feel these events too were unavoidable. The Russian people had simply had enough and decided to take control of their own country.

Part one drama essays

Part one drama essays For our performance of Still I Rise we wanted to use texts and performances we had seen and read in the past to help us make it better. A text we used from which to draw inspiration was The Crucible by Arthur Miller. Having studied The Crucible in depth, I feel that it is easy to see a resemblance between the two. As in The Crucible, some of our performance took place in a courtroom setting. In fact, our main themes were taken from The Crucible. For example with Still I Rise, we wanted to convey a sense of misplacement for Lauras character, who my character bullied into killing herself. This was to do with the outlawing of Mary Warren by the other girls in the courtroom scene and the way in which human nature tends to turn its back on outsiders. We also wanted to draw out the unfairness of the witch-hunts in The Crucible through our own performance and this is why we deliberately did not show a reason behind the cruel and unprovoked torture of Lauras character. We also wanted to give a feeling of Arthur Millers writing, in which he puts in small movements and accidental outbursts of speech for each of the characters that hide things from other people. For example, when in Act 2 John Proctor comes in from outside where it is taken that he has been with Abigail, he puts extra salt into the pot of food that Elizabeth has cooked for him then later tells her that it is well seasoned. However, being as it is a non-naturalistic piece, we did not want to put in too many humanlike actions so we decided to create characters to act as consciences. As my character is tormented with guilt, so does my conscience torment me by playing games and by pushing me around. Likewise, as Lauras character is consumed by self-pity and suicidal feelings, so therefore her conscience actively kills her and dies with her. Interestingly, this also relates to B ...

Movie Essays

Movie Essays Movie Essay Movie Essay Name: Course: Instructor: Date: Movie Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead is a documentary that entails the health life of Australian filmmaker Joe Cross. His story is about his overweight state, which is later corrected by consistency in fresh juice solely in 60 days. He aborts steroids and pharmaceuticals, which only worsen his health, putting him on the brink of death. Joe manages to toss 100 pounds from 310 pounds in only two months surviving with nothing but fresh juice. Therefore, in the documentary, Joe Cross seeks to advice the audience on how to take control of their health status by choosing the right things to eat, being physically fit and overcoming obesity without dependency on steroids and other drugs. Joe classifies foods into two categories namely, macronutrients and micronutrients. Fruits and vegetables are micronutrients while macronutrients are the other types of foods, which cause unhealthiness. At the beginning, Joe buys green leafy vegetables from the produce vendor. The vegetables are celery, onions and tomatoes. Joe uses these vegetables to make mean green juice that he purposes is vital for a natural cutback in weight. The components of the mean green juice as brewed by Joe are a higher percentage of dark green leafy vegetables with additives of other vegetables and fruits. These vegetables are rich in vitamins and nutrients necessary for the body system. Plant based foods are healthier than animal products or processed foods. Joe traveled to the United States because he wanted to venture into a fruit and vegetable fast for sixty days. The road trip only featured a juicer and a generator in his car. This period was documented by his camera crew, which tagged along and each step he made can be clearly viewed on the film. Joe had a serious autoimmune disease intensified the negative impact. The disease caused an overproduction of histamine in Joe’s body leaving it itchy and irritated with inflammations. For the first 30 days, Joe heads to New York City and travels across America for the rest of the days. He says he had been focusing on his wealth rather than his health before he embarked on the juice fast. Thus, his area of importance then was his affluent lifestyle Histamines protect the body from foreign infections and keep it healthy. When it is overproduced, it causes allergies. After graduating high school became a young Australian businessperson with flourishing businesses and this lavish life made him enjoy his life by exposing himself to an unadvisable diet that saw his health status diminish with a dilated weight. This posed a serious threat to his life. Fasting is the act of going without of few for a period so juice fasting is inclusive of natural juices. He deprived himself of anything other than the natural juice, justifying the term juice fast. The American diet that is processed food is 95%. Joe was required by his doctor to take blood tests every 10 days to ensure he was still healthy. The blood tests show that he is improving gradually. He finds out that he no longer needs his medication. One has to keep in check with the doctor to understand the progress just as Joe’s doctor, Dr.Joel Fruhman advises him. After Joe completes his 60-day, juice fast, his weight loss is 82 pounds and this shows great improvement. While on his adventure, Joe comes across other people with the same problem he had before his realization and one of these obese people is Phil Staples. At the time, Joe was interviewing people concerning their eating habits while at the same time proposing his juice fast. Some of the people approved his health strategy while others, mostly the young ones were reluctant to adopt it. After Joe completes his 60 days juice fast and heads back to Australia, Phil decides to emulate the health icon and gives him a call. Following the call, Joe travels back to the States to help Phil on the Juice fast as a way for his body to heal naturally. Joe first met Phil at a truck stop. In the movie, Phil is overweight with and his poor diet gradually pushes him towards a heart attack as the doctor said. Phil was among those who attempt to follow Joe’s healthy lifestyle. Phil’s situation appears to be identical to Joe’s before he embarked on the juice fast because Phil also suffers from the autoimmune disease. The juice fasting undertaken by Joe Cross proves to be a detoxification therapy as his doctor sees no more use of medication in his life. Inspired by Joe’s story, Phil has the urge to overcome his 429 pounds with the help of his health icon. Phil quits being a truck driver for the juice fasting experience and is able to lose a large amount of weight towards the end of the movie as depicted by him running around and playing with the son. He also cuts down on his medication and this shows the positive effects of the mean green juice on an individual’s body system. He sponsors a community juice fast and is no longer depressed. His work changed towards a direction of healthy living standards. In his family, Phil helps his brother who is in an even worse state of obesity than he is. He is more dedicated to his job at the YMCA. The parts of the movie, which I liked, are the remarkable transformation of Joe to a healthier person and the impact he had on obese people such as Phil Staples who could barely pass through the truck stop. Another interesting aspect is the rare similarity in unhealthy conditions of both persons. However, I did not like the idea of the mean green juice because it seems bitter and it takes a lot of courage to decide on taking it solely for a number of days to lower the calories in the body. Such a transformation would be difficult to fathom if one comes from a background of eating a lot of processed foods and animal products. Nevertheless, the idea holds water towards the end of the movie when we see the lives of two men change dramatically to a better and healthy body system. The advantages to this type of diet are that it does not have bad side effects as those of obese medication, It is also feasible and not life threatening since we can identify Joe Cross as a strong person at the end of the film and his efforts remolding Phil’s health. As proven by Joe and Phil’s chronicle, the medication on obesity and the autoimmune disease was not efficient as compared to the juice fast. On the other hand, the disadvantage with this type of diet is that it takes a long time and one has to be patient and daring to take it. A person may fall into temptation, go back to the unhealthy foods, and consume them with double effect, leading to more calories. Buying too much organic foods can be costly and overdoing the juice fast can lead to diabetic problems. Movie Essays Movie Essay Movie Essay Name: Course: Instructor: Date: Fantasy in Harry potter movies Fantasy is a genre of fiction that consist of magic, imaginary worlds, quests, mythical creatures and great battles over good and evil. This genre uses supernatural occurrences as elements of plot or setting. Elements commonly used in this genre include wizards, elves, dragons and other imaginary creatures (Ledesma, nd).fantasy is anything that has no possibility of existing in the real world. Fantasy is related greatly to Harry potters movies because it is used to describe people, creatures, places, quest battles and many more magical happenings (Hill, 2005). Fantasy is used in the Harry potter movie to describe the Hogwarts School of wizardry and witchcraft where Harry goes to school at the age of eleven years. This magical place does not exist in the real world (Nikki, 2009). The students in these school all posse some magical power. this is revealed to Harry by a giant .fantasy comes out clearl y here when the giant a magical creature reveals to Harry that he is not an ordinary person like his relatives who have raised him up since the death of his parents. In addition, when Harry starts school he interacts with talented children like him. Fantasy relates to Harry potter, since most of the creatures are magical and posses’ extraordinary powers that ordinary creatures do not. In the movie, there is a scene where a gigantic three is the portions class. Another fantasy related to Harry potter is the magical spells cast on creatures and the wizards. The spells are used to disguise a wizard or witch, to wade off danger away or to create a camouflage. A scene from the movie that demonstrates this fantasy is the patronous charm spell that Harry uses against the dementors who are affecting Harry. In the real world, no magic spell exists to cause an effect on anyone or any creature. Another scene is when scabbers, Rons cat turns out to be a wizard in disguise. The wizard dec ided to disguise himself in order to spy on Harry and his friends and report to lord voldemort in the end Harry is able to kill voldemort with a single spell. Fantasy in relation to Harry potter is brought out in the power to see the invisible objects around. It is an extra ordinary thing to see things that are thought to be invisible, example ghosts. In the movie, Harry sees skeletal horses pulling the carriages at school. Another fantasy that relates to this movie is the evidence that one can hide a part of his soul to be retrieved later. This is brought out in the movie when Harry goes on a dangerous mission with Dumbledore to destroy apart of voldemort’s soul that is contained in a horcrux stored in different places. Fantasy is used in the movie to unite people who know each other in death, who in turn have conversations. Some have the power to choose whether to stay dead or to go back to life. From the movie this is shown when Harry dies and meets with Dumbledore who ans wers all his questions and alternatively gives him a choice of staying or going back to life. He chooses to go back and kill voldemort. The other fantasy used in the movie, is the ability for power to vanish from a person and regain it later. From the movie, this is witnessed by Harry when voldemont regains his power in a creepy graveyard. Another fantasy is the ability to speak the language of another creature. A scene in the movie is the ability of Harry to speak to snakes when he discovers he is a parslemouth. Work cited Ledesma, Debbie. Fantasy Fiction. suite101.com. 2011. Web. December 2, 2011 Hill, Joshua. Harry Potter and Fantasy – A Quick Look. sffworld.com. 2005-10-20. Web. December 2, 2011 Nikki. Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. goodreads.com. Nov 29, 2011 04:01am. Web. December 2, 2011.