Development of a Lab-on-a-Chip Device to Detect DNA Double...

Proposal Summary We propose to develop a lab-on-a-chip device for the detection of DNA double strand breaks in situ. Current technology requires laborious manipulation of the cell sample by fixation and staining with antibody and an optical-based detection. All in all, the process may take up to several days before results are retrieved. The development of an on-site, immediate monitoring system will greatly benefit our understanding of DNA damage causes and prevention as well assessment of radiation risk by tracking such events instantaneously. Our proposed device is based on individually addressable carbon-nanotube (CNT)- array capable of multiplexing for detection of multiple analytes and targets from a biological sample. The impact of this device in our information-based world is manifold. Not only will the device make it accessible for the user to track, assess and follow trends of their own DNA damage levels but also empowers the user in making more informed lifestyle choices. Introduction With rising urbanization, the DNA in our cells is increasingly being exposed to DNA damaging agents such as UV light, mutagenic chemicals, reactive oxygen species generated by Ionizing Radiation (IR) or redox cycling by heavy metal ions and radio-mimetic drugs etc. DNA Double-strand breaks (DSBs) occur when reactive oxygen species react with DNA bases causing lesions in the chromosomes and the formation of foci known as Radiation-induced foci (RFI). RFI are marked by the

Learning And Development Processes Of A Child - 2019 Words

The learning and development processes of a child have been debated for years, with no one theory sticking out as the best explanation as to how and why we learn. Looking at the behaviourist and humanist views of learning and development and the key theorists within them, you can see just how different they can be with their explanations of this. The key behaviourist views on learning are that learning is shaped by different incentives presented to the child. External stimulus shapes learning, as it prompts a response and increases the likelihood of the learner repeating the behaviour. Behaviourists believe development happens as a process of learning and that it has nothing to do with pre-determined stages relating to a child’s age and or mental ability. The behaviourist view works on a mix of operant and classical conditioning, operant conditioning is a process of learning where behaviour is controlled by consequences such as positive and negative reinforcements and positive and negative punishments. Classical conditioning is when ‘the learner simply responds to external stimuli in a deterministic manner’ (Jordan, Carlile, and Stack, 2008). Pavlov, a behaviourist, looked deeply into the idea of classical conditioning and involuntary responses to stimuli. Pavlov looked at the responses of dogs and found that when the dog was presented with food the dog would salivate, which would be an unconditional response. But, when combined with the ringing of a bell as the food wasShow MoreRelatedA Study on Cognitive Psychology650 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Cognitive psychology studies the mental processes that permit humans to perceive, remember, learn, and think. Cognitive psychology is subsumed under the broad field of cognitive science, which includes disciplines such as linguistics, philosophy, and neuroscience. (Allport, 1985). Cognitive psychologists study human memory, attention, perception, intelligence, problem-solving, decision-making, judgment, and language acquisition (Cherry, 2011). Among these several topics, the emphasisRead MoreThe Cognitive Development Of The Student1172 Words   |  5 Pagesthink about the cognitive development of the student. Two noted theorists, Piaget and Vygotsky, though they differ in their approach to cognitive development they commonly agreed that learning and development go hand in hand. Both theorists have great views, but I can relate more to Piaget. According to Georgia Department of Early Care and Learning, â€Å"Cognitive development refers to how a person perceives, thinks and gain un derstanding of his or her world.† Cognitive development has 5 major areas whichRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1325 Words   |  6 Pagessystematic study of cognitive development. He conducted a theory that all children are born with a basic mental structure. He felt that their mental structure is genetically inherited and their learning evolved from subsequent learning and knowledge. Piaget’s theory is different from other theories and he was the first to study a child’s learning by using a systematic study of cognitive development. His theory was only concerning the learning of children, their development and not how they learn. HeRead MoreSocial and Moral Development Essay1092 Words   |  5 Pagesintellectual, social and moral development of infants at birth and as they grow into adults are through the developmental theories. Some of the developmental theories are sexual development, social development and moral development. Both Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg view similarities as well as differences between the theories they each believe in regards to the development of a child social and moral development. Jean Piaget put forth the theory of cognitive development wherein he establishedRead MoreMoral Development And The Social Learning Theory Essay1466 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will examine moral development and the theories of cognitive development and the Social Learning theory. It will also cover key theorists and their perspectives moving on to different kinds of development followed by an evaluation of the chosen theories and the studies that surround their validity. The final segment will be of the nature nurture aspect. Moral development is essentially the ability to distinguish right from wrong actions and good from bad behaviour. Albert Bandura believedRead MoreEssay on Educational Psychology1169 Words   |  5 Pagespsychology listed above. Behaviorism is the point of view where learning and behavior are described and explained in terms of stimulus-response relationships. Behaviorists agree that an individual’s behaviors is a result of their interaction with the environment. Feedback, praise and rewards are all ways people can respond to becoming conditioned. The focus is on observable events instead of events that happen in one’s head. The belief that learning has not happened unless there is an observable change inRead MoreJean Piaget: Biography and Theory of Cognitive Development1601 Words   |  6 PagesPiagets Theory of Cognitive Development: Jean Piagets theory of cognitive development is a description of the four distinct stages of development of cognition in children. The theory was developed at a time when Piaget was employed at the Binet Institute in the 1920s in which his main responsibilities were to develop the French versions of questions on the English intelligence tests. During this period, Piaget became increasingly concerned or interested with the reasons children gave for theirRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Experiential Learning1481 Words   |  6 PagesVygotsky, Jean Piaget, and Howard Gardner will be evaluated through the lens of experiential learning. Through Vygotsky’s realization of the childhood learning through â€Å"hands-on† experience (experiential learning), the cultural and socioeconomic factors defines the progress a child makes in the individual progression towards growth in the educational system. Piaget beheld similar views on experiential learning in the context of the family un it as an extension of social and educational progress throughRead MoreBehaviorism And Social Learning Theory1531 Words   |  7 Pages Behaviorism and social learning theory are examples of two mechanistic theories that focus on explaining children’s behavior. Social learning theory emphasizes observational learning and imitation. On the other hand, behaviorism is rooted in focusing on how the environment impacts development. The environment shapes the child’s development as the child strives to adapt to the environment. Both theories deal with explaining behavior and consist of similarities, but are composed of different elementsRead MoreLearning Disabilities in Children1603 Words   |  7 PagesLearning Disabilities 1 Children and Learning Disabilities Child/Adolescent Development PSY3520 South University Online Scott Walker Learning Disabilities 2 Children that are dealing with learning disabilities have a difficult road ahead of them. If the disability is neglected or overlooked for too long, the probability of the child falling behind in school as well as social aspects in their life is very high. However

The Boarding House Free Essays

The Boarding House is included in Dubliners, a collection of fifteen short stories by the Irish poet and novelist James Joyce, which was first published in 1914. This story of a boarding house, like the other stories in Dubliners, describes the lives of ordinary citizens of Dublin and illustrates their various qualities. There are three main characters – Mrs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Boarding House or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mooney, her daughter Polly and Mr. Doran. At the very beginning the author describes Mrs. Mooney, who relinquished a family traditional business – the butchery, and set up a boarding house in Hardwicke Street. There is no reference to many of her outward appearances, the author probably thinks it is not important and he leaves the picture of Mrs. Mooney to the reader’s imagination. However, he is very accurate in the description of her life and personality. He treats her as a courageous, strong, self-confident and imposing woman who dismissed her aggressive and worthless husband (she got a separation from him with care of the children). All the resident young men spoke of her as The Madam. In the present emancipated world, where women are practically independent, equal to men, having their own businesses, it would be nothing unusual for a woman like that. However, the character of Mrs. Mooney was likely quite anomalous at the beginning of the twentieth century, when the story was published. It was men who greatly dominated, earned money, led businesses, while women took care of household and brought up children. Besides, divorces used to be followed just exceptionally. Despite of this, Mrs. Mooney is not faultless. She can be cunning and intriguing and she has much trouble with her two incorrigible offsprings, who are described in detail in the following paragraphs. Jack Mooney, the Madam’s son, who was clerk to a commission agent in Fleet Street, had the reputation of being a hard case. He was fond of using soldiers’ obscenities; usually he came home in the small hours. Mrs. Mooney’s other child is her daughter, Polly. Polly was a slim girl of nineteen; she had light soft hair and a small full mouth. Her eyes, which were grey with a shade of green through them, had a habit of glancing upwards when she spoke with anyone, which made her look ike a little perverse madonna. Mrs. Mooney had first sent her daughter to be a typist in a corn-factor’s office but, as a disreputable sheriff’s man used to come every other day to the office, asking to be allowed to say a word to his daughter, she had taken her daughter home again and set her to do housework. It is apparent that Mrs. Mooney kept her daughter from meeting men. Unfortunately, she was not very successful, because Polly flirted with young men lodged in the boarding house. In her mother’s opinion these romances were just waste of time, none of them meant business or benefits. Still one day she found that something was going on between Polly and one of the young men. She started spying on them quietly, pretending not to know anything. People in the house learnt of the affair too, so it could be a scandal. However, Mrs. Mooney still did not intervene. The story progressed on a bright Sunday morning in early summer. First of all, Mrs. Mooney interviewed Polly. Things were as she had suspected: she had been frank in her questions and Polly had been frank in her answers. Mrs. Mooney did not ask any more pointless questions. She had a great plan, according to religious rules: for every sin there must be made reparation. For her only one reparation could make up for the loss of her daughter’s honour: marriage. If he married her daughter, Polly’s future would be secured. She had a plenty of cogent arguments and she was sure that she would succeed that day. She knew quite a lot about Mr. Doran and his job: he had been working for thirteen years in a great Catholic wine-merchant’s office and publicity of that affair would bring him the loss of his job. Then Polly visited Mr. Doran in his room, crying desperately. They retrospected the past, how they first met, how Polly cared for him, heated him food, how they used to spend the nights together. But Mr. Doran disregarded his relation to Polly. She was just a kind of entertainment for him. He disliked her thoughtless behaviour, her origin and the way of her speech. He was afraid what his family and his friends would think of her. The hysterical and intriguing Polly started to cry even more and threatened with committing suicide in case Mr. Doran left her. She was interrupted by a servant, Mary. She said that Mrs. Mooney would like to talk to Mr. Doran downstairs. He put on suitable clothes, let Mary cry on the bed and went to the Madam. On his way he met Jack Mooney and recollected the day when the violent Jack bawled at one London artiste threatening any fellow who would try that sort of a game on with his sister to put his teeth bloody well down his throat. Then we do not know what happened, there is no reference to Mrs. Mooney and Mr. Doran conversation. The following paragraphs describe just Polly’s cry. And the last paragraphs of the story are quite clear: At last she heard her mother calling. She started to her feet and ran to the banisters. Polly! Polly! † â€Å"Yes, mamma? † â€Å"Come down, dear. Mr. Doran wants to speak to you. † Obviously, the scene must have continued, but nothing else is added, so the story is open-ended. The reader is probably supposed to believe that Mrs. Mooney’s succeeded and forced Mr. Doran to marry Polly. Of course, there would be more options with a little imagination. Mr. Doran might have refused her suggestion, made a scene and left the boarding house. Even though, considering the conservative times and the country, Mrs. Mooney ultimately succeeded and Mr. Doran put up with marrying her daughter. How to cite The Boarding House, Papers

The Loyalty of Wives in The Canterbury Tales Essay Example For Students

The Loyalty of Wives in The Canterbury Tales Essay The Canterbury Tales is the epitome of ideals of medieval Europe. The lives of most medieval women were the role of the wife such as the lives of the women in The Canterbury Tales. These women create a new definition of loyalty and partnership. The three women, The Wife of Bath, Dorigen, and Pertelote, all have different forms of expressing loyalty, but still hold the strong principles of marriage and honor to their husband. The Wife of Bath is one of the three female story tellers. She travels around the world and allows her experiences to freely flow. She has a refined characteristic shown by the way she dresses. The Wife enjoys conversation and uses both commonsense and intellectual truth. She has been married five times and through her experiences with her husbands, has learned how to provide for herself in a world where women had little independence or power. In her prologue her experiences give her the chance to speak on marital troubles: Experience, though no authority were in this world, were good enough for me, to speak of woe that is in marriage (line 1-4). She cannot understand Christs rejection of the woman for having been married five times as quoted, But someone told me not so long ago, that since out Lord, save once, would never go, to wedding (that at Gana in Galilee), thus, by this same example, showed He me I never should have married more than once (lines 9-13). She believes the decision of virginity has been left to the individuals own judgment. The Wife agrees that virginity is great, but it is meant for those who want to lead perfect lives and she accepts that she is not perfect. She also argues that God created the sex organs for both function and pleasure. The Wife will never be difficult or refuse to have sex when her husband wants to because this is how she gains full power over her husbands. She manipulates husbands by withholding sensual pleasure, which she believes is the reason that men give her what she wants. This Prologue is more important than her tale because it is a defense of her multiple marriages and a justification of her maistrye. This makes the Wife a misrepresentation of the conventional medieval wife. She reinforces stereotypes for the refusal of showing that women should to be submissive and contrary to that, the Wife accepts that men are more reasonable than women. She concludes with the reason why men accept womens power only to avoid nagging and arguing in the household. She remains loyal to her mate because he is under her control. The Franklins Tale is a short romance in which the main female character, lady Dorigen, is married to a knight, Averagus. Unlike most medieval couples, they are genuinely in love. Averagus decides to go to Britain to get training in arms which causes Dorigen great grief: For all his absence wept she and she sighed, as noble wives do at lone foreside. She mourned, watched, wailed, she fasted and complained (Franklins Tale page 2 of 9). A squire, Aurelius, confesses his love with Dorigen only to meet her refusal. Dorigen tells the squire that she would consent to his love if he could remove all the rocks from the coast of Brittany to make her husbands voyage back home safe. In search of her love, Aurelius desperately gets a magician to make the rocks disappear. Meanwhile Arveragus returns home safely and they are happily reunited. Aurelius goes to meet Dorigen to demand that she fulfills her end of the bargain. Dorigen, who has been certain that the promise would never be met is horrified, shows her loyalty towards her husband by telling him about the dilemma. Arveragus tells her that she must honor her promise and sends Dorigen to Aurelius. Aurelius is extremely moved by Arveraguss nobility and Dorigens unconditional love and loyalty to her husband. With reason lady Dorigen refuses to be unfaithful to her husband and he releases her from her obligation.